List of women identified as communists in Red Channels
During the early days of the Cold War, many prominent women were listed as communists or fellow travellers in the American anti-communist publication Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television in June 1950.[1] As a result of being listed in the pages of this volume, many of these 41 women found it difficult to find employment in media industries.[2]
List[edit]
- Stella Adler: Actress, director
- Edith Atwater: Actress
- Vera Caspary: Writer, novelist[3]
- Mady Christians: Actress; council member, Actors' Equity Association[4]
- Louise Fitch: Actress
- Ruth Gordon: Actress, writer
- Shirley Graham: Musician; writer; founding member of Sojourners for Truth and Justice[5]
- Uta Hagen: Actress, teacher[6]
- Lillian Hellman: Playwright, author[7]
- Rose Hobart: Actress; board member, Screen Actors' Guild[8]
- Judy Holliday: Actress[9]
- Lena Horne: Singer, actress[10]
- Marsha Hunt: Actress[11]
- Donna Keath: Actress
- Pert Kelton: Actress
- Adelaide Klein: Actress
- Gypsy Rose Lee: Burlesque artist; quiz show host; recording secretary American Guild of Variety Artists[12]
- Madeline Lee: Actress, social activist[13]
- Ray Lev: Concert pianist
- Ella Logan: Singer
- Aline MacMahon: Actress
- Margo, sometimes known as Margo Albert: Actress, dancer
- Jean Muir: Actress[14]
- Meg Mundy: Actress
- Dorothy Parker: Writer; co-founder Hollywood Anti-Nazi League[15]
- Minerva Pious: Actress
- Anne Revere: Actress; secretary, Screen Actors Guild
- Selena Royle: Actress
- Hazel Scott: Musician, actress[16]
- Lisa Sergio: Radio commentator[17]
- Ann Shepherd: Actress
- Gale Sondergaard: Actress
- Hester Sondergaard: Actress
- Helen Tamiris: Choreographer
- Betty Todd: Director; secretary, Radio and Television Directors Guild
- Hilda Vaughn: Actress
- Fredi Washington: Actress; journalist, The People's Voice; secretary, Negro Actors Guild of America
- Margaret Webster: Author, director, producer[18]
- Ireene Wicker: Radio show host
- Betty Winkler: Actress
- Lesley Woods: Actress
- Adelaide Bean: Actress
References[edit]
- ^ Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television. New York, NY: Counterattack. 1950.
- ^ Stabile, Carol (2018). The Broadcast 41: Women and the Anti-Communist Blacklist. London: Goldsmiths Press. ISBN 978-1-906897-87-1.
- ^ Caspary, Vera (1968). The Rosecrest Cell. London: W.H. Allen.
- ^ Barranger, Millie (2008). Unfriendly Witnesses: Gender, Theater, and Film in the McCarthy Era. Southern Illinois University Press.
- ^ Horne, Gerald (2015). Race Woman: The Lives of Shirley Graham Du Bois. New York University Press.
- ^ Gussow, Mel (2004). "Uta Hagen, Tony-Winning Broadway Star and Teacher of Actors, Dies at 84". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ^ Alice., Kessler-Harris (2012). A difficult woman : the challenging life and times of Lillian Hellman. New York: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 9781608193950. OCLC 738346448.
- ^ Hobart, Rose (1994). A Steady Digression to a Fixed Point. Scarecrow Press.
- ^ Gary., Carey (1982). Judy Holliday, an intimate life story (1st ed.). New York: Seaview Books. ISBN 0872237575. OCLC 8194852.
- ^ Horne, Lena (1965). Lena. New York, NY: Doubleday.
- ^ "Marsha Hunt at 100: The Actress Recalls the Blacklist, Film Noir and Being Cast in Gone With The Wind - MovieMaker Magazine". MovieMaker Magazine. 2017-10-13. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ^ Frankel, Noralee (2010). Stripping gypsy : the life of Gypsy Rose Lee. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199754335. OCLC 658003848.
- ^ Lee, Madeline (August 22, 1955). "Madeline Lee's Statement to the Witchhunters". The Daily Worker.
- ^ Muir, Jean. Autobiography. University of Oregon Special Collections and University Archives: unpublished.
- ^ Meade, Marion (1989). Dorothy Parker : what fresh hell is this?. New York: Penguin. ISBN 9780140116168. OCLC 18351200.
- ^ Karen., Chilton (2008). Hazel Scott : the pioneering journey of a jazz pianist from Café Society to Hollywood to HUAC. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780472115679. OCLC 179794223.
- ^ Spaulding, Stacy (2005-12-05). LISA SERGIO: HOW MUSSOLINI'S "GOLDEN VOICE" OF PROPAGANDA CREATED AN AMERICAN MASS COMMUNICATION CAREER (Ph.D. thesis). Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Barranger, Milly (2004). Margaret Webster: A Life in the Theater. University of Michigan.
Further reading[edit]
- Stabile, Carol (2018). The Broadcast 41: Women and the Anti-Communist Blacklist. Goldsmiths Press. ISBN 978-1-91268542-4.