List of states in Zhou Dynasty
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The following ancient Chinese states were parts of the geopolitical milieu during the Zhou dynasty of early China, during one or more of its main chronological subdivisions: the Western Zhou period, Spring and Autumn period, and Warring States period. Listed below are the names of various polities, the aristocratic houses and lineages of their ruling families, locations relative to modern Chinese geography, noble titles of the rulers, start and end years, and conquerors.
Zhou royal family[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou (西周) | Ji (姬姓) | Nominal rule over all under Heaven, directly controlling the capital of Fenghao, Zongzhou (present Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), Luoyi, Chengzhou (present Luoyang, Henan Province), and nearby areas. | King (Son of Heaven) | 1046–771 BCE | Shen, Quanrong | Basic Annals of Zhou |
| Eastern Zhou (东周) | Ji | Nominal rule (loosely) over all under Heaven, in reality only controlling a small area around the capital city of Luoyi (present Luoyang) | King (Son of Heaven) | 770–256 BCE | Qin | Basic Annals of Zhou |
States during the Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn periods (1046–403 BCE)[edit]
Main States[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qin | Yíng and Zhao[1] | South central Shaanxi Province and eastern Gansu Province; later expanded into Sichuan Province, Chongqing, western Henan Province, western Hubei Province, and other areas. Unified in 221 BCE. |
|
Approximately 900–206 BCE | Western Chu Hegemon-King Xiang Yu and Emperor Gaozu of Han | Basic Annals of Qin (秦本纪),
Chronicles of the First Emperor (始皇本纪) |
| Wey (衛) | Ji (姬姓) and | Qi County and Puyang City, Henan Province | Hou, Jun (renamed 330 BCE) | 1040–209 BCE | Qin | 《卫康叔世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Yue | Si | Along Zhejiang Province Conquered by Qin Dynasty in 222 BCE, 建閩中郡, 秦亡後受漢朝封為Minyue, 東甌二國 |
Zi (自称为Wang) | c. 20th century BCE–222 BCE | Qin, (222－111 BCE 為閩越, 東甌二國, 皆亡於Han dynasty) | 《越王勾践世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Yan (燕) | Ji (姬姓) and 燕氏 | Southern Liaoning Province, Beijing, Tianjin, Northern Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (323 BCE 起自稱) | 1046–222 BCE | Qin | 《燕召公世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Chu | 芈姓熊氏 | Hubei Province, Henan Province南部, 后扩张至Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, Jiangsu Province, parts of Zhejiang Province | Zi (704 BCE 起自称为 Wang) | 建於商代, 1046 BCE受封–223 BCE | Qin | 《楚世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Lu | Ji (姬姓) and 魯氏 | Shandong Province曲阜市 | Hou | 1046–256 BCE | Chu | 《鲁周公世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Song | 子姓 and Song (宋氏) | Henan ProvinceShangqiu, 通許縣一帶 | Gong, Wang (323 BCE 起自称) | 1040–286 BCE | 田氏齊國, 魏國, Chu | 《宋微子世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Jin, originally known as Tang | Ji (姬姓) and 晉氏 | Shanxi Province, Henan Province北部, Shaanxi Province東部, Hebei Province西部一帶 | Hou | 1033–349 BCE | 韓國, 趙國, 魏國(三家分晉) | 《晉世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Zheng | Ji (姬姓) and 鄭氏 | Shaanxi Province華縣 後遷Henan Province新鄭市 |
Bo | 806–375 BCE | 韓國 | 《鄭世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Qi, historically known as Tian Qi | Jiang (姜姓)吕氏 | Shandong Province東部, Hebei Province南部一帶 | Hou | 1046–386 BCE | 田氏齊國 | 《齐太公世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Cai | Ji (姬姓) and Cai (蔡氏) | Henan Province新蔡縣 | Hou | 1046–447 BCE | Chu | 《管蔡世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Wu | Ji (姬姓) and 姑发氏 | Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province東部一帶 | Zi (自称为Wang) | 1096–473 BCE | 越國 | 《吴太伯世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Chen | 媯姓陳氏 | Henan Province淮陽县 | Hou | 1046–478 BCE | Chu | 《陳杞世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Cao | Ji (姬姓) and Cao (曹氏) | Shandong Province, Dingtao district西南 | Bo | 1046–487 BCE | Song | 《管蔡世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
Vassal states within the capital region (畿内) or fiefs granted to the aristocratic families during the Zhou dynasty[edit]
States located in present Henan province[edit]
In Shaanxi province[edit]
In Shanxi province[edit]
In Shandong Province[edit]
In Hubei Province[edit]
In Chongqing[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 魷國(魚國) | 儿姓 | 鱼复(今重庆奉节白帝城) | Bo | ? －612 BCE | Chu |
| 巴國 | Ji (姬姓) | Sichuan Province東部一帶 | Zi | 1046 BCE–316 BCE | Qin |
In Sichuan Province[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蜀國 | 杜姓, 开明氏 | Sichuan Province中部一帶 | 沒有臣服于中原王朝, 所以沒有爵位. 後代君主稱"帝". | ? －316 BCE | Qin |
In Anhui Province[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 沈國 | Ji (姬姓)沈氏 | Henan Province平輿縣射桥镇古城村, Anhui Province臨泉縣一帶 | Zi | 1040 BCE–506 BCE | 蔡國 |
| 六國(錄國) | Yan(偃) | Anhui Province六安市北 | Bo | 1046 BCE–622 BCE | Chu |
| 英國 | Yan(偃)英氏 | Anhui Province六安市 | 1046 BCE–646 BCE | Chu | |
| 桐國 | Yan(偃) | Anhui Province桐城市 | Chu | ||
| 養國 | 嬴姓 | Anhui Province临泉县杨桥镇 | Bo | ? －528 BCE | Chu |
| 蕭國 | 子姓蕭氏 | Anhui Province蕭縣西北 | Hou | ? －579 BCE | Chu |
| 舒國 | Yan(偃)舒氏 | Anhui Province舒城縣池鄉 | Zi | 1046 BCE–657 BCE | 徐國 |
| 舒庸國 | Yan(偃) | Anhui Province舒城縣 | 1046 BCE–574 BCE | Chu | |
| 舒鳩國 | Yan(偃) | Anhui Province舒城縣 | 1046 BCE–548 BCE | Chu | |
| 舒蓼國(蓼國) | Yan(偃) | Henan Province固始縣, Anhui Province霍邱縣一帶 | 1046 BCE–601 BCE | Chu | |
| 舒龍國 | Yan(偃) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| 舒龔國 | Yan(偃) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| 舒鮑國 | Yan(偃) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| 宗國 | Yan(偃)宗氏 | Anhui Province舒城縣, 廬江縣一帶 | Chu | ||
| 巢國 | Yan(偃)巢氏 | Anhui Province巢湖市 | Bo | ? －518 BCE | 吳國 |
| 皖國 | Yan(偃) (一说夏姓) |
Anhui Province潜山县 | Bo | 1046 BCE–? | Chu |
| 廬國 | Anhui Province合肥市 | Zi | 1046 BCE–? | Chu | |
| 鍾離國 | 嬴姓鍾離氏 | Anhui Province鳳陽縣 | Zi | Chu | |
| 州來國 | Anhui Province鳳台縣 | Chu | |||
| 南胡國 | Gui(媯姓)Hu(胡氏) | Anhui Province阜陽市 | Zi | ? －496 BCE | Chu |
| 越章国 | 芈姓熊氏 | Anhui Province铜陵市, 义安区一带. | Zi | 880 BCE–? |
In Jiangsu Province[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Han (邗) | Jiangsu Province揚州市東南 | 1046 BCE–? | |||
| 鍾吾國 | Jiangsu Province宿遷市 | Zi | ? －518 BCE | 吳國 | |
| 彭國 | 彭氏 | Jiangsu Province徐州市 | |||
| 徐國 | 嬴姓徐氏 | Shandong Province郯城縣, Jiangsu Province徐州市 | Hou, Zi(曾自稱Wang) | ? －512 BCE | 吳國 |
| 奄国 | Jiangsu Province常州市武进区 | 春秋早期－? | 吳國 |
In Hebei Province[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 肥國 | Hebei Province藁城縣一帶 | ? －530 BCE | Jin | ||
| 鼓國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hebei Province晉州市西 | ? －521 BCE | Jin | |
| 邢國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hebei Province邢台市 | Hou | 1040 BCE–635 BCE | 衛國, Jin |
| 代國 | 子姓 | Hebei Province西北 | 趙國 |
In Liaoning Province[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 孤竹國 | 子姓墨胎氏 | 遼宁省朝陽市西南 | Hou | 商代初期－664 BCE | Yan, Qi |
In Korean Peninsula[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 箕國 | 子姓 | 朝鮮半島北部 | Hou | 周代初期－漢代初期 | 衛氏朝鮮 |
Tribes or states outside the vassalage of the Zhou Dynasty[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鮮虞國 | Ji (姬姓) | ? －506 BCE(重建為中山國) | Jin | ||
| 義渠國 | 義渠 | 商代－272 BCE | Qin | ||
| 燕京戎 | Shanxi Province靜樂縣, 祁縣, 介休市一帶 | Zhou Dynasty | |||
| 綿諸國 | Qin | ||||
| 山戎 | 齐國 | ||||
| 陸渾戎 | ? －525 BCE | Jin | |||
| 伊洛戎 | 韩国, 魏国 | ||||
| 犬戎[3] | Qin | ||||
| 西戎 | Qin | ||||
| 戎蠻(蠻氏, 曼氏) | Henan Province汝阳縣东南, 临汝縣西南 | Zi | ? －491 BCE | Chu | |
| 白狄 | Ji (姬姓) | Jin | |||
| 赤狄 | Jin | ||||
| 長狄 | 漆姓 | Jin | |||
| 仇由 | ? －5th century BCE | Jin | |||
| 甲氏 | 媿姓 | ? －593 BCE | Jin | ||
| 鐸辰 | 媿姓 | ? －593 BCE | Jin | ||
| 留吁 | 媿姓 | ? －593 BCE | Jin | ||
| 嗇咎如 | 媿姓 | ? －588 BCE | Jin | ||
| 潞氏(東山皋落氏) | 媿姓 | Shanxi Province潞城縣東北 | Zi | 604 BCE–594 BCE | Jin |
| 茅戎 | Jin | ||||
| 鄋瞒 | ? －594 BCE | Jin | |||
| 無終國 | Qi | ||||
| 令支國 | Yan |
States during the Warring States period (403 BCE – 221 BCE)[edit]
Main States[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qin | 嬴姓秦氏[1] | Shaanxi Province中南部, 甘肅省東部, Sichuan Province, 重庆市, Henan Province西部, Hubei Province西部等地区. 221 BCE统一全国. | 仲, Bo(770 BCE受封), Wang(325 BCE起自稱), 帝(288 BCE自稱西"帝", 尊齊為東"帝", 後取消), 皇帝(221 BCE统一全国後改称) | 770 BCE–206 BCE | Western Chu |
| Yan(燕) | Ji (姬姓)燕氏 | 遼寧省南部, 北京市, 天津市, Hebei Province北部一帶 | Hou, Wang(323 BCE起自稱) | 1046 BCE–221 BCE | Qin |
| Chu | 羋姓熊氏 | Hubei Province, 湖南省北部, Anhui Province西部, 江西省西部, Henan Province南部一帶, 后扩张至Jiangsu Province和浙江省 | Zi, Wang(704 BCE起自称) | 建於商代, 1046 BCE受封－223 BCE | Qin |
| 趙國 | 嬴姓趙氏[1][4] | Hebei Province西部, Shanxi Province北部, 內蒙古自治區南部一帶 | Hou, Wang(296 BCE起自称) | 403 BCE–222 BCE | Qin |
| 魏國 | Ji (姬姓)魏氏 | Shanxi Province南部, Henan Province北部和陝西東部, Hebei Province部分地區 | Hou, Wang(344 BCE起自称) | 403 BCE–225 BCE | Qin |
| 韓國 | Ji (姬姓)韓氏 | Henan Province一帶 | Hou, Wang(324 BCE起自称) | 403 BCE–230 BCE | Qin |
| 齊國 | 媯姓田氏 | Shandong Province東部, Hebei Province南部一帶 | Hou, Wang(334 BCE起自称) | 386 BCE–221 BCE | Qin |
Other States[edit]
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qi(史称[[姜Qi]]) | Jiang (姜姓)呂氏 | Shandong Province東部, Hebei Province南部一帶 | Hou | 1046 BCE–379 BCE | 田氏齊國 | |
| Lu | Ji (姬姓)魯氏 | Shandong Province曲阜市 | Hou | 1046 BCE–256 BCE | Chu | |
| 蔡國 | Ji (姬姓)蔡氏 | Henan Province新蔡縣, 上蔡縣一帶 | Hou | 1046 BCE–447 BCE | Chu | |
| 衞國 | Ji (姬姓)衞氏 | Henan Province淇縣, 濮陽市一帶 | Hou, Jun(330 BCE起改稱) | 1040 BCE–209 BCE | Qin | |
| Song | 子姓宋氏, 子姓戴氏 | Henan Province商丘市, 通許縣一帶 | Gong, Wang(323 BCE起自称) | 1040 BCE–286 BCE | 田氏齊國, 魏國, Chu | |
| Jin | Ji (姬姓)晉氏 | Shanxi Province, Henan Province北部, Shaanxi Province東部和Hebei Province東部一帶 | Hou | 1033 BCE–349 BCE | 韓國, 趙國, 魏國(三家分晉) | |
| 越國 | Si (姒) | 以浙江省為中心, 曾經達到Shandong Province南部和福建省北部 | Zi, Wang(自称) | 2032 BCE–222 BCE | Qin | |
| 鄭國 | Ji (姬姓)鄭氏 | Henan Province新鄭市 | Bo | 806 BCE–375 BCE | 韓國 | |
| 杞國 | Si (姒)杞氏 | Henan Province杞縣 | Bo | 1046 BCE–445 BCE | Chu | |
| 邾國(鄒國) | 曹姓朱氏 | Shandong Province鄒城市 | Zi | 1046 BCE–281 BCE | Chu | |
| 薛國 | 任姓薛氏 | Shandong Province枣莊市薛城 | Hou | 夏代－298 BCE | 田氏齐国, 魏國 | |
| 郳國(小邾國, 小邾婁國) | 曹姓郳氏 一說顔姓 |
Shandong Province滕州市東 | Zi | 8th century BCE, 653 BCE改國號－325 BCE | Chu | |
| 滕國 | Ji (姬姓)滕氏 | Shandong Province滕州市 | Hou, 又稱Zi | 1046 BCE–297 BCE | Song | |
| 莒国 | 己姓莒氏 | Shandong Province莒县 | Zi | 1046 BCE–431 BCE | Chu | |
| 任國 | 风姓任氏 | Shandong Province濟寧市 | 鲁国 | |||
| 郯國 | 己姓 | Shandong Province郯城縣西南 | Zi | ? －414 BCE | Chu(一說是越國) | |
| 費國 | 季姓費氏 | Shandong Province费县 | 鲁国 | |||
| 邳國 | 任姓 | Jiangsu Province邳州市 | 夏代－? | Chu | ||
| 中山國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hebei Province中部太行山东麓一带 | Wang(323 BCE自稱) | ? －296 BCE | 魏國, 趙國 | |
| 蜀國 | Sichuan Province中部一帶 | 未臣服于中原王朝, 故無爵位, 後世稱「帝」 | ? －316 BCE | Qin | ||
| 巴國 | Ji (姬姓) | 重庆市以及Sichuan Province東部部分地区 | Zi | ? －316 BCE | Qin | |
| 苴國 | Sichuan Province廣元市 | 被蜀国封为Hou | 368 BCE–316 BCE | Qin | ||
| 安陵國 | Ji (姬姓) | Henan Province鄢陵县西北 | Jun | Qin |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c 《史記·秦本纪》：「蜚廉生惡來。... 蜚廉復有子曰季勝。...繆王以趙城封造父，造父族由此為趙氏。自蜚廉生季勝已下五世至造父，別居趙。...惡來革者，蜚廉子也，蚤死。有子曰女防。女防生旁皋，旁皋生太幾，太幾生大駱，大駱生非子。以造父之寵，皆蒙趙城，姓趙氏。非子居犬丘，好馬及畜，善養息之。犬丘人言之周孝王，孝王召使主馬于汧渭之間，馬大蕃息。...於是孝王曰：「昔伯翳為舜主畜，畜多息，故有土，賜姓嬴。今其後世亦為朕息馬，朕其分土為附庸。」邑之秦，使復續嬴氏祀，號曰秦嬴。」
- ^ 《左傳·莊公二十八 BCE》：「晉伐驪戎，驪戎男女以驪姬。」
- ^ 《山海經·大荒北經》：「大荒之中，有山名曰融父山，順水入焉。有人名曰犬戎。黃帝生苗龍，苗龍生融吾，融吾生弄明，弄明生白犬，白犬有牝牡，是為犬戎，肉食。」
- ^ 皇甫谧《帝王世纪》：「先世造父之为穆王御，有功，封之于赵城，国为赵氏也。与简子同祖，嬴姓也。」