List of philosophers (D–H)

Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:

Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

D

• Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783)^[1][2][3][4]
• Damascius (c. 462–540)^[1][2][4]
• Peter Damian (c. 1007–1072)^[2][4][5]
• Hubert Damisch (1928–2017)
• Arthur Danto (1924–2013)^[1][2][3]
• Charles Darwin (1809–1882)^[2][4]
• Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802)^[2]
• David of Dinant (12th century)^[2][4]
• David the Invincible (late 6th century)^[5]
• Donald Davidson (1917–2003)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Angela Davis (born 1944)
• Jalal al-Din al-Dawani (1426–1502)^[4]
• Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)^[2][3][4][5]
• Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985)^[2][3]
• Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821)^[1][2][3]
• Paul de Man (1919–1983)^[4]
• Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871)^[1][2][3][4]
• Francesco de Sanctis (1817–1883)^[2]
• Guy Debord (1931–1994)
• Régis Debray (born 1940)
• Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)^[1][3][4]
• Joseph Déjacque (1821–1865)
• Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995)^[2][3][4][5]
• Bernard Delfgaauw (1912–1993)
• Elijah Delmedigo (1460–1497)^[4][5]
• Giorgio Del Vecchio (1878–1970)^[2]
• Democritus (460–370 BC)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Alain Deneault (born 1970)
• Daniel Dennett (1942-2024)^[1][2][3][4]
• Denys the Carthusian (or Denys de Leeuwis) (1402–1471)^[4]
• Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• René Descartes (1596–1650)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Vincent Descombes (born 1943)
• Robert Desgabets (1610–1678)^[2][4][5]
• Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754–1836)^[2]
• Paul Deussen (1845–1919)^[2]
• Alejandro Deustua (1849–1945)^[2]
• John Dewey (1859–1952)^[1][3][4][5]
• Dharmakirti (c. 7th century)^[1][4][5]
• Albert Venn Dicey (1835–1922)^[4]
• Denis Diderot (1713–1784)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Dietrich of Freiberg (13th century)^[4][5]
• Joseph Dietzgen (1828–1888)
• Kenelm Digby (1603–1665)^[4]
• Dignaga (c. 480–c. 540)^[4]
• Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Hugo Dingler (1881–1954)^[2]
• Diodorus Cronus (3rd century BC)^[2][4][5]
• Diogenes Laërtius (3rd century)^[2][3][4]
• Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 460 BC)^[2][4]
• Diogenes of Babylon (c. 230–c. 150/140 BC)
• Diogenes of Oenoanda (2nd century)^[4]
• Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope (412–323 BC)^[2][3][4]
• Dogen Zenji (or Dōgen Kigen) (1200–1253)^[2][3][4]
• Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu) (c. 176–c. 104)^[1][2][4]
• Herman Dooyeweerd (1894–1977)^[4]
• Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881)^[2][4]
• Frederick Douglass (1818–1895)^[5]
• Fred Dretske (1932–2013)^[1][2][3]
• Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch (1867–1941)^[2]
• W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)^[5]
• Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896)^[4]
• Jean-Baptiste Dubos (1670–1742)^[2][5]
• Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749)^[4][5]
• Guillaume du Vair (1556–1621)^[1]
• Curt Ducasse (1881–1969)^[1][2][3][4]
• Pierre Duhem (1861–1916)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Eugen Dühring (1833–1921)^[2][3][4]
• Michael Dummett (1925–2011)^[1][2][3][4]
• Raya Dunayevskaya (1910–1987)
• James Dunbar (1742–1798)
• Duns Scotus (c. 1266–1308)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Profiat Duran (or Efodi or Isaac ben Moses Levi) (c. 1349–c. 1414)^[4]
• Simeon ben Zemah Duran (or Rashbaz) (1361–1444)^[4]
• Durandus of St. Pourçain (c. 1275–1334)^[2][4]
• Will Durant (1885–1981)
• Émile Durkheim (1858–1917)^[2][3][4]
• Enrique Dussel (1934–2023)
• Andrea Dworkin (1946–2005)
• Ronald Dworkin (1931–2013)^[1][2][3][4]

E

• Jonathan Earle (born 1970)^[2]
• John Earman (born 1942)^[2]
• Johann Augustus Eberhard (1739–1809)^[2][4]
• Meister Eckhart (1260–1327/8)^[1][2][4][5]
• Umberto Eco (1932–2016)^[1]
• Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944)^[2]
• Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Paul Edwards (1923–2004)^[3]
• Christian von Ehrenfels (1856–1932)^[2][5]
• Albert Einstein (1879–1955)^[1][2][3][4]
• Mircea Eliade (1907–1986)^[4]
• Elias (6th century)^[5]
• George Eliot (1819–1880)^[2][4]
• T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)^[2]
• Elisabeth of Bohemia (1618–1680)^[1][2][4][5]
• Jon Elster (born 1940)^[3]
• Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Empedocles (490 BC–430 BC)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)^[1][2][3][4]
• Epicharmus (c. 540–450 BC)^[4]
• Epictetus (AD 55–c. 135)^[2][3][4][5]
• Epicurus (341 BC–270 BC)^[2][3][4][5]
• Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Johannes Scotus Eriugena (c. 800–c. 880)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Rudolf Christoph Eucken (1846–1926)^[2]
• Eudoxus of Cnidus (410/408 BC–355 or 347 BC)^[1][4]
• Eusebius of Caesarea (264–339)^[2][4]
• Gareth Evans (1946–1980)^[2][3][4]

F

• Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003)^[4]
• Thome H. Fang (1899–1976)^[1]
• Frantz Fanon (1925–1961)^[3][4][5]
• Al-Farabi (870–950)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Michael Faraday (1791–1867)^[2]
• Michelangelo Fardella (1646–1718)^[4]
• Raimundo de Farias Brito (1862–1917)^[2]
• Austin Marsden Farrer (1904–1968)^[4]
• Fazang (or Fa-Tsang) (643–712)^[4]
• Gustav Fechner (1801–1887)^[1][2][4][5]
• Andrew Feenberg (born 1943)
• Herbert Feigl (1902–1988)^[5]
• Joel Feinberg (1926–2004)^[2][3]
• José Pablo Feinmann (1943–2021)
• Valentin Feldman (1909–1942)
• Margaret Fell (1614–1702)^[5]
• François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (1651–1715)^[2][4]
• Feng Youlan (1895–1990)^[1]
• Adam Ferguson (1723–1816)^[1][2][3][4]
• Ann Ferguson (born 1938)^[2]
• Jose Ferrater-Mora (1912–1991)^[3]
• Luigi Ferri (1826–1895)^[2]
• James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864)^[2][4]
• Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994)^[3][4][5]
• Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Hartry Field (born 1946)^[2][3]
• Robert Filmer (1588–1653)^[1][2][3][4]
• J. N. Findlay (1903–1987)^[5]
• Eugen Fink (1905–1975)^[2]
• John Finnis (born 1940)^[3]
• Kuno Fischer (1824–1907)^[2]
• Ronald Fisher (1890–1962)^[2]
• John Fiske (1842–1901)^[2]
• Richard FitzRalph (c. 1300–1360)^[5]
• Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961)^[5]
• Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii (1882–1937)^[2][4]
• Georges Florovsky (1893–1979)^[2]
• Robert Fludd (1574–1637)^[1][2][4]
• Jerry Fodor (1935–2017)^[1][2][3][4]
• Robert J. Fogelin (1932–2016)^[3]
• Dagfinn Føllesdal (born 1932)^[3]
• Benjamin Fondane (1898–1944)
• Pedro da Fonseca (1528–1599)^[1][2][4]
• Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle (1657–1757)^[1][2][4]
• Philippa Foot (1920–2010)^[1][2][3][5]
• David Fordyce (1711–1751)^[1]
• Michel Foucault (1926–1984)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Simon Foucher (1644–1696)^[2][4]
• Alfred Fouillée (1838–1922)^[2]
• Charles Fourier (1772–1837)^[1][2]
• Francis of Marchia (c. 1290–c. 1344)^[5]
• Francis of Meyronnes (1285–1328)^[4]
• Sebastian Franck (1499–1542)^[2]
• Jerome Frank (1889–1957)^[4]
• Erich Frank (1883–1949)^[2]
• Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950)^[2][4]
• William K. Frankena (1908–1994)^[1][3]
• Harry Gordon Frankfurt (1929–2023)^[2][3]
• Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790)^[2][3][4]
• Michael Frede (1940–2007)^[3]
• Gottlob Frege (1848–1925)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Hans Frei (1922–1988)^[4]
• Paulo Freire (1921–1997)
• Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)^[1][2][3][4]
• Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773–1843)^[2][4]
• Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852)^[2]
• Erich Fromm (1900–1980)
• Marilyn Frye (born 1941)^[2]
• Fujiwara Seika (1561–1619)^[4]
• Lon L. Fuller (1902–1978)^[4]
• Richard Fumerton (born 1949)^[1]
• Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov (1828–1906)^[2][4]

G

• Gadadhara Bhattacharya (1604–1709)^[4]
• Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Muammar Gaddafi (1941–2011)
• Gaius (110–180)^[4]
• Galen (131–201)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Pasquale Galluppi (1770–1846)^[2]
• Rafael Gambra Ciudad (1920–2004)
• Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)^[1][3][4]
• Gangeśa (fl. c. 1325)^[4][5]
• Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange (1887–1964)^[2][4]
• Christian Garve (1742–1798)^[2]
• Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Marcel Gauchet (born 1946)
• Gaunilo (11th century)^[2]
• Aksapada Gautama (c. 2nd century BC)^[4]
• Siddhartha Gautama (or Buddha) (c. 563–483 BC)^[1][4][5]
• David Gauthier (born 1932)^[3]
• John Gay (1685–1732)^[1][2]
• Peter Geach (1919–2013)^[1][3]
• Arnold Gehlen (1904–1976)^[2]
• Antonio Genovesi (1712–1769)^[2]
• Ronald Giere
• Giovanni Gentile (1875–1944)^[1][2][3][4]
• Gerhard Gentzen (1909–1945)^[3][4]
• George of Trebizond (1395–1484)^[4]
• Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187)^[4]
• Gerard of Odo (or Gerald Odonis) (1290–1349)^[4]
• Alexander Gerard (1728–1795)^[2][4]
• Gerbert of Aurillac (or Pope Silvester II) (c. 950–1003)^[2][4]
• Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil (1718–1802)^[4]
• Jean Gerson (1363–1429)^[1][2][4]
• Gersonides (or Levi ben Gershon) (1288–1344)^[1][2][4][5]
• Edmund Gettier (1927–2021)^[3]
• Arnold Geulincx (1624–1669)^[1][2][3][4]
• Alan Gewirth (1912–2004)^[3][2]
• Joseph Geyser (1869–1948)^[2]
• Al-Ghazali (1058–1111)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Allan Gibbard (born 1942)^[3]
• Edward Gibbon (1737–1794)^[2]
• Josiah Gibbs (1839–1903)^[2]
• Gilbert of Poitiers (1070–1154)^[2][4]
• Giles of Rome (c. 1243–1316)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Étienne Gilson (1884–1978)^[1][2][3]
• Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am) (1856–1927)^[4]
• Vincenzo Gioberti (1801–1852)^[1][2][4]
• Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680)^[1][2][4]
• Jonathan Glover (born 1941)^[3]
• Arthur de Gobineau (1816–1882)^[2]
• Rudolph Goclenius (1547–1628)^[1]
• Kurt Gödel (1906–1978)^[2][3][4][5]
• Godfrey of Fontaines (c. 1250–1309)^[1][2][4][5]
• William Godwin (1756–1836)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749–1832)^[1][2][3][4]
• Friedrich Gogarten (1887–1968)^[2]
• Alvin Goldman (born 1938)^[1][2][3]
• Lucien Goldmann (1913–1970)
• Gongsun Longzi (c. 300 BC)^[1][2]
• Nelson Goodman (1906–1998)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Gorampa (1429–1489)^[5]
• Gorgias (c. 483–375 BC)^[1][2][3][4]
• André Gorz (1923–2007)
• Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766)^[2]
• Marie de Gournay (1565–1645)^[2]
• Baltasar Gracián y Morales (1601–1658)^[1][2]
• Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937)^[1][2][3][4]
• Asa Gray (1810–1888)^[2]
• John Gray (born 1948)
• Hilary Greaves (born 1978)
• Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Pope Gregory I (540–604)^[1][3]
• Gregory of Nazianzus (329–389)^[2]
• Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335–398)^[1][2]
• Gregory of Rimini (d. 1358)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Herbert Paul Grice (1913–1988)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• James Griffin (1933–2019)^[3]
• Germain Grisez (1929–2018)^[3]
• Robert Grosseteste (1175–1253)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Reinhardt Grossmann (1931–2010)^[3]
• John Grote (1813–1866)^[2][4]
• Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Adolf Grunbaum (1923–2018)^[3]
• Karl Grün (1817–1887)
• Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740–645 BC)^[1][4]
• Félix Guattari (1930–1992)
• Ernesto "Che" Guevara (1928–1967)
• Guo Xiang (c. 252–312)^[2]
• Edmund Gurney (1847–1888)^[4]
• Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973)^[2]

H

• Susan Haack (born 1945)
• Jürgen Habermas (born 1929)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Ian Hacking (born 1936)^[3]
• Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919)^[1][2][4]
• Axel Anders Theodor Hagerstrom (1868–1939)^[2][4]
• Yehuda Halevi (c. 1085–1141)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Johann Georg Hamann (1730–1788)^[1][2][4][5]
• Octave Hamelin (1856–1907)^[2]
• Sir William Hamilton (1788–1856)^[1][2][3][4]
• David Walter Hamlyn (1924–2012)^[3]
• Stuart Hampshire (1914–2004)^[2][3]
• Hassan Hanafi (1935–2021)^[2]
• Han Feizi (died 233 BC)^[1][2][4]
• Han Yu (768–824)^[1][2][4]
• Alastair Hannay (born 1932)^[3]
• Eduard Hanslick (1825–1904)^[4]
• Norwood Russell Hanson (1922–1967)^[4]
• Sandra Harding (born 1935)^[2]
• Michael Hardt (born 1960)
• R. M. Hare (1919–2002)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Gilbert Harman (1938–2021)^[2][3]
• Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930)^[2]
• James Harrington (1611–1677)^[2][4]
• Sam Harris (born 1967)
• William Torrey Harris (1835–1909)^[2]
• H. L. A. Hart (1907–1992)^[1][2][3][4]
• David Hartley (1705–1757)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Eduard Von Hartmann (1842–1906)^[1][2][3][4]
• Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Charles Hartshorne (1897–2000)^[1][3][5]
• William Harvey (1578–1657)^[2]
• Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950)^[2]
• Hayashi Razan (1583–1657)^[2]
• Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992)^[3][4][5]
• William Hazlitt (1778–1830)^[2]
• Christian Friedrich Hebbel (1813–1863)^[2]
• G.W.F. Hegel (1770–1831)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Carl Heim (1874–1958)^[2]
• Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976)^[2][3][4]
• Virginia Held (born 1929)^[2]
• Ágnes Heller (1929–2019)
• Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894)^[1][2][4][5]
• Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1614–1698)^[4]
• Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–1771)^[1][2][3][4]
• Carl Gustav Hempel (1905–1997)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Frans Hemsterhuis (1721–1790)^[2]
• Henricus Regius (1598–1679)^[4][5]
• Henry of Ghent (c. 1217–1293)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Henry of Harclay (1270–1317)^[2][4]
• Michel Henry (1922–2002)^[5]
• Ronald William Hepburn (1927–2008)^[3]
• Heraclides Ponticus (387–312 BC)^[4]
• Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 535–475 BC)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841)^[1][2][4][5]
• Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583–1648)^[2][4]
• Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Abraham Cohen de Herrera (or Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira), (1562–1635)^[4]
• John Herschel (1792–1871)^[2]
• Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894)^[2][4]
• Hervaeus Natalis (1250–1323)^[2][4]
• Alexander Herzen (1812–1870)^[1][2][3][4]
• Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907–1972)^[4]
• Hesiod (c. 700 BC)^[4]
• Moses Hess (1812–1875)^[2][4]
• Boris M. Hessen (1893–1936)
• Sergei Iosifovich Hessen (1887–1950)^[4]
• William of Heytesbury (or Hentisberus or Hentisberi or Tisberi), (1313–1373)^[1][2][4][5]
• John Hick (1922–2012)^[3]
• Laurens Perseus Hickok (1798–1888)^[2]
• Hierocles the Stoic (2nd century)^[4]
• David Hilbert (1862–1943)^[1][2][3]
• Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179)^[2][4]
• Hillel ben Samuel of Verona (1220–1295)^[4]
• Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs (1794–1861)
• Jaakko Hintikka (1929–2015)^[1][2][3]
• Hipparchia of Maroneia (c. 350 BC – c. 280 BC)
• Hippias (5th century BC)^[4]
• Hippocrates (460–380 BC)^[1][2][3]
• Ho Yen (190–249)^[1]
• Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (1864–1929)^[2][3]
• William Ernest Hocking (1873–1966)^[2][3]
• Shadworth Hodgson (1832–1912)^[2][3]
• Harald Høffding (1843–1931)^[2][3]
• Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld (1879–1918)^[1][4]
• Baron d'Holbach (1723–1789)^[1][2][3][5]
• Robert Holcot (1290–1349)^[2][4][5]
• Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843)^[1][2][4]
• John Holloway (sociologist) (born 1947)
• Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841–1935)^[4]
• Edwin Holt (1873–1946)^[2]
• Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782)^[2][4]
• Homer (c. 700 BC)^[2][4]
• Richard Hönigswald (1875–1947)^[2]
• Sidney Hook (1902–1989)^[3][5]
• Brad Hooker (born 1957)
• Richard Hooker (1554–1600)^[2][4]
• Max Horkheimer (1895–1973)^[1][2][4][5]
• Jennifer Hornsby (born 1951)^[3]
• Paul Horwich (born 1947)^[3]
• George Howison (1834–1916)^[2]
• Hsi K'ang (223–262)^[1]
• Hsiung Shih-li (1885–1968)^[1]
• Hsu Fu-kuan (1903–1982)^[1]
• Hsu Hsing (c. 300 BC)^[1]
• Hu Hung (or Wu-Feng) (1100–1155)^[1]
• Hu Shih (1891–1962)^[1][2]
• Huai Nun Tzu (or Liu An) (179–122 BC)^[1][4]
• Huang Zongxi (or Huang Tsung-hsi) (1610–1695)^[1][2]
• Pierre Daniel Huet (1630–1721)^[2][4]
• Friedrich von Hügel (1852–1925)^[2]
• Hugh of St Victor (c. 1078–1141)^[4]
• Hui Shi (4th century BC)^[1][2]
• Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• David Hume (1711–1776)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Jan Hus (1369–1415)^[2][4]
• Edmund Husserl (1859–1938)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746)^[1][2][3][4]
• James Hutton (1726–1797)
• Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895)^[2][4]
• Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695)^[1]
• Hypatia of Alexandria (370–415)^[1][2][4]
• Jean Hyppolite (1907–1968)^[2]