List of participatory budgeting votes

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List of participatory budgeting votes (Earth)
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This is a list of votes held by major cities as part of a participatory budgeting process, where people living in the city are allowed to vote for a number of proposals, and the funded proposals are determined based on the votes. While not all participatory budgeting processes include a formal voting stage, it is a very common feature, particularly in Europe.[1] The list includes votes held in major cities with a population of at least 100,000 and a total amount equivalent to at least €100,000 being voted on. To be included, the vote must be open to the whole public (rather than limited to a jury) and its results must be de facto binding on the government. The list also includes votes held by states, provinces, or countries, if they meet these criteria (this includes Portugal and some Australian states).

Many cities divide their available budget among city districts and allow each voter to vote only on proposals located in their district.[2] In effect, these are several independent votes happening simultaneously, but in the list, these sub-elections are merged into one. Some cities additionally hold a vote about city-wide proposals, and some allow voters to vote in several or all districts.

Participatory budgeting processes typically go through several stages (usually including soliciting proposals, selecting proposals, voting on proposals, and implementation),[2][3] and this can take several years. There are different conventions of which year to use in referring to a particular process (e.g. some cities use the year in which the vote occurs, and others the year in which project implementation starts).[4] In the table, the year refers to the year of the last day on which voters can cast their votes.

The list includes a brief description of the voting systems employed in the vote. This includes a choice of ballot format specifying how voters can indicate their preferences. The table uses the following terms to describe common choices:[5][6]

  • knapsack votes (where voters can vote for any number of proposals, but the cost of the selected proposals must sum up to less than the available budget),
  • k-approval (where voters can vote for up to k proposals; common choices for k are 1, 5, and 10),
  • spreading points (where each voter has a number of votes (such as 10) that can be spread across proposals, but the same proposal can receive several votes; also known as cumulative voting), and
  • ranking (where voters select up to k proposals and then rank them).

Cities then use a system to decide on the winning proposals. Typically this is done by sorting proposals by the number of votes the proposal received, and then repeatedly selecting the proposals with the highest number until the available budget runs out.[3] Some cities also impose additional constraints on the process (such as a maximum amount that can be spent in any single neighborhood, or a minimum amount that must be spent in a certain category of projects) or use a more complicated participatory budgeting rule (see Combinatorial participatory budgeting for detailed descriptions of common aggregation rules).

City Year Population Voters Budget Proposals (elected) Voting system Notes
 Australia New South Wales 2019 8,095,430 61,437[7] A$24,700,000[7] 1500 (248)[8] Rank 3–5 projects.[8] Ranks get converted into points (10, 5, 3, 2, 1 points). Each electorate was allocated the same amount of funding, and voting and decisions were done separately in each electorate.[8]
 Australia Victoria 2018 6,497,700[9] 95,000[10] A$30,000,000[10] 2300 (237)[10] 3-approval among projects near (5 km/50 km) living place.[11] At most 50% of a region's budget can be spent in one locality.[11]
 Belgium Brussels 2018 1,208,542 2,045[12] €134,070[12] 18 (10)[12] Knapsack vote, city-wide.[13]
 Canada Montreal 2021 1,762,949 20,017[14] CA$25,000,000[15] 35 (12)[14] 5-approval. Budget was increased from 10 million to 25 million after the vote.
 Finland Helsinki 2021 658,864 47,064[16] €8,800,000[17] 396 (75)[18] Knapsack vote, city-wide and 1 district.[19]
 Finland Helsinki 2019 658,864 40,264[20] €4,400,000[21] 296 (44)[22]
 France Brest 2022 139,926 €1,300,000[23] 42 (19)[24] Rank 3 projects (3 points to the first-ranked / 2 points to the second-ranked / 1 point to the third-ranked).[23] Select the highest ranking project in each district, then follow complicated rules for the remaining budget.[23]
 France Grenoble 2022 158,198 4,825[25] €800,000[26] 27 (7)[25] Vote for 6 projects.[27]
 France Grenoble 2020 158,198 4,711[28] €800,000[28] 29 (12)[28] Vote for 6 projects.[29]
 France Grenoble 2019 158,198 6,463[30] €800,000[30] 21 (9)[31] Vote for 5 projects.[32]
 France Grenoble 2018 158,198 5,625[33] €800,000[34] 23 (6)[33][34] Vote for 1 large project (> €200k) and 4 small projects (< €200k).[34] 1 large project wins, and as many small projects as the budget allows.
 France Grenoble 2017 158,198 3,500[35] €800,000[36] 25 (9)[37] Vote for 1 large project (> €200k) and 6 small projects (< €200k).[36] 1 large project wins, and as many small projects as the budget allows.
 France Grenoble 2016 158,198 7,073[38] €800,000 26 (13)[39][38] Vote for 2 large projects (> €100k) and 5 small projects (< €100k).[40]
 France Grenoble 2015 158,198 998[41] €800,000[42] 19 (9)[41] Rank 2 of the large projects (> €100k) and 4 of the small projects (< €100k).[42]
 France Lille[a] 2022 234,475 7,029[43] €2,000,000[44] 70 (20)[43] 5-approval.[45] €500,000 reserved for projects proposed by minors.[45]
 France Lyon 2022 522,969 6,000[46] €12,500,000[47] 217 (110)[48][49] 10-approval.[50] Voters have to vote for at least 3 projects. They can vote for projects in all districts, each of which has a separate maximum budget that can be spent on projects from that district.[51]
 France Paris 2023 2,165,423 €75,960,000[52] Grade projects on a 4-point scale.[53] Majority judgment.[53]
 France Paris 2022 2,165,423 142,122[54] €82,000,000[54] 204 (62)[54] Grade projects on a 4-point scale.[53] Select a fixed number (2 or 3) of projects in each district with the highest median score (majority judgment).[53]
 France Paris 2021 2,165,423 106,326[55] €75,000,000[55] 217 (62)[55] Grade projects on a 4-point scale.[53] Select a fixed number (2 or 3) of projects in each district with the highest median score (majority judgment).[53]
 France Paris 2019 2,165,423 143,822[56] €100,000,000[57] 430 (192)[56] 4-approval for city-wide and 4-approval for district projects.[58]
 France Paris 2018 2,165,423 127,880[59] €88,000,000[60] 457 (180)[59] 4-approval for city-wide and 4-approval for district projects.[58]
 France Paris 2017 2,165,423 98,269[61] €92,000,000[62] 484 (196)[61] 5-approval for city-wide and 5-approval for district projects.[58]
 France Paris 2016 2,165,423 92 808[58] €94,100,000[63] 624 (219)[64][65] 5-approval for city-wide and 5-approval for district projects.[58] A minimum of 30 million euros must be allocated to projects in working-class neighborhoods.
 France Paris 2015 2,165,423 66,870[58] €67,700,000[63] 624 (188)[66] 5-approval for city-wide and 5-approval for district projects.[58]
 France Paris 2014 2,165,423 40,745[58] €17,700,000[63] 15 (9)[67] 5-approval for city-wide projects.[58]
 France Saint-Denis 2021 113,116 5,585[68] €1,000,000[69] 86 (24)[70] Rank 3 projects in district and city-wide.[69] Gives 3/2/1 points to the ranked projects.[68]
 France Strasbourg 2021 287,228 €2,000,000[71] 68 (19)[45][72] Spread 5 points among projects.[73]
 France Strasbourg 2019 287,228 2,208[74] €1,000,000[45] 68 (31)[45] Spread 5 points among projects.[74] Winner selection somewhat ad hoc.[75]
 France Toulouse 2022 493,465 4,532[76] €8,000,000[77] 200 (83)[76] 3-approval city-wide.[78] Each district has a budget of €300,000. The remaining €2,000,000 can be used for projects from any district.[78]
 France Toulouse 2019 493,465 1,494[79] €1,000,000[79] 30 (14)[80] Spread 7 points across projects, with each project getting at most 3 points.[81] Budget was raised from €850,000 after the vote ended to fund more projects.[79]
 Germany Wuppertal 2021 355,004 6,000[82] €200,000[83] 31 (6)[83] 5-approval city-wide.[84] The budget was partially contributed by private partners. €20,000 of the budget was set aside for micro-projects with cost under €2,000. Shortlisting projects was partially achieved via a separate vote.
 Hungary Budapest 2022 1,752,286 21,858[85] Ft 1,000,000,000[86] 49 (18)[85] Projects come in three categories, vote for exactly 1 large project and 1 small project in each category.[87]
 Hungary Budapest 2021 1,752,286 13,344[88] Ft 1,000,000,000[88] 53 (15)[88] Projects come in three categories, vote for exactly 1 project in each category.[89]
 Iceland Reykjavík 2021 133,262[90] 18,389[91] IKr 850,000,000[91] 277 (111)[91] Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes[92]
 Iceland Reykjavík 2019 128,793[90] 13,608[93] IKr 450,000,000[93] 239 (91)[94][93] Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes[95]
 Iceland Reykjavík 2018 126,041[90] 13,003[96] IKr 450,000,000[97] 238 (88)[97] Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes[98]
 Iceland Reykjavík 2017 123,246[90] 11,113[99] IKr 450,000,000[99] 230 (76)[100] Knapsack vote with option to "star" one project, giving it 2 votes[101]
 Iceland Reykjavík 2016 122,460[90] 9,292[102] IKr 455,700,000[103] 190 (112)[103] Knapsack vote[104]
 Italy Bologna 2020 394,843 22,247[105] €2,000,000[105] 79 (24)[106] Choose 1 redevelopment (investment) project, and 1 neighborhood priority.[105] For redevelopment projects, the most voted proposal of each district is implemented. For neighborhood priorities, the top 3 of each district are implemented and are funded with 75,000, 55,000 and 28,000 euros, respectively.[105]
 Italy Bologna 2018 394,843 16,348[107] €1,000,000[108] 33 (6)[107] Choose 1 project.[109] For each district, the most voted project of each district is implemented.[108]
 Italy Bologna 2017 394,843 14,584[110] €1,000,000[110] 27 (6)[110] Choose 1 project.[111] For each district, the most voted project of each district is implemented.[112]
 Italy Milan 2018 1,396,059 17,627[113] €4,500,000[114] 47 (12)[113] 3-approval.[115] 3 projects funded with reduced budget.[113]
 Italy Rome 2019 2,860,009 16,993[116] €20,000,000[116] 111 (65)[116] 3-approval, city-wide.[117] Focussed on urban decor.[118] Budget allocation to districts was partially based on district area. Bonus budget went to the district with highest turnout.
 Latvia Riga 2022 660,187 42,692[119] €693,000[119] 30 (11)[119] Knapsack vote.[119]
 Latvia Riga 2021 660,187 19,011[120] €606,032[120] 22 (10)[120] Knapsack vote.[120]
 Latvia Riga 2020 660,187 23,915[121] €500,000[121] 15 (6)[121] Knapsack vote.[121]
 Latvia Riga 2019 660,187 10,065[122] €494,797[122] 14 (6)[122] Knapsack vote.[122]
 Poland Gdańsk 2022 486,271[123] 41,217[124] zł 22,063,118[125] 305 (117)[126] Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 city-wide green project, 1 district green project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[127]
 Poland Gdańsk 2021 486,271[123] 43,190[128] zł 20,830,669[129] 387 (121)[128] Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 city-wide green project, 1 district green project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[128] Projects need at least 200 points to win (400 points for city-wide projects).[130]
 Poland Gdańsk 2020 486,542[123] 40,383[131] zł 18,428,001[131] 357 (115)[132] Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 city-wide green project, 1 district green project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[133]
 Poland Gdańsk 2019 470,907[123] 53,025[134] zł 18,543,609[135] 331 (75)[134] Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[134]
 Poland Gdańsk 2018 466,631[123] 48,760[136] zł 19,549,000[137] 319 (82)[136] Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[138] Projects must receive at least 100 votes to win. Unused funds are saved for the following year.[139]
 Poland Gdańsk 2017 464,254[123] 44,655[140] zł 14,000,000[141] 297 (103)[141] Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[140]
 Poland Gdańsk 2016 463,754[123] 36,971[142] zł 12,500,000[142] 254 (91)[142] Choose 1 city-wide project, and spread 5 points across projects in any district.[143]
 Poland Gdynia 2021 243,918 25,532[144] zł 11,148,564[144] 297 (123)[144] 3-approval for city, district (small projects), district (large projects)[145] One project was partially funded by a donor who contributed zł 356[145]
 Poland Gdynia 2020 243,918 28,943[146] zł 10,608,600[146] 281 (130)[146] 3-approval for city, district (small projects), district (large projects)[147]
 Poland Gdynia 2019 243,918 31,263[148] zł 10,178,864[148] 275 (117)[148] Rank 5 projects in city and in district.[149] City and district councils decided to fund some projects that did not fit in the available budget.
 Poland Gdynia 2018 243,918 30,301[150] zł 5,898,400[150] 97 (31)[150] Rank 5 projects in district.[151] As incentive, the district with the highest turnout gets an extra "+1" project funded.
 Poland Gdynia 2017 243,918 36,525[152] zł 5,310,198[152] 132 (32)[152] Rank 5 projects in district.[153] As incentive, the district with the highest turnout gets an extra "+1" project funded.
 Poland Gdynia 2016 243,918 44,167[154] zł 5,203,543[154] 141 (31)[154] Rank 5 projects in district (5 points for the top rank, 4 points for the second rank, etc).[155] As incentive, the district with the highest turnout gets an extra "+1" project funded.
 Poland Gdynia 2015 243,918 47,612[156] zł 4,597,796[157] 177 (40)[158] Knapsack vote.[155]
 Poland Gdynia 2014 243,918 40,863[159] zł 3,000,000[159] 234 (41)[159] Knapsack vote.[160] Unspent funds (in 2014, zł 597,796) carry over to the next year. 11 of the 41 winning projects concerned the development of outdoor gyms.
 Poland Kraków 2021 782,137 51,229[161] zł 35,000,000[161] 596 (180)[161] Rank 3 projects in city and in district.[162]
 Poland Kraków 2020 782,137 44,800[163] zł 32,000,000[163] 574 (195)[163] Rank 3 projects in city and in district.[164]
 Poland Kraków 2019 782,137 50,004[165] zł 30,000,000[165] 557 (171)[166] Rank 3 projects in city and in district.[167] Voters were entered into a lottery to win 100 tablet computers.[167]
 Poland Poznań 2021 529,410[123] 85,115[168] zł 22,000,000[169] 150 (35)[168] Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 green project, 2 district projects.[169] Separate district elections plus city-wide and green election.
 Poland Poznań 2020 532,048[123] 87,575[170] zł 21,000,000[170] 175 (34)[170] Choose 1 city-wide project, 1 green project, 2 district projects.[171] Separate district elections plus city-wide and green election.
 Poland Poznań 2019 534,813[123] 68,089[172] zł 21,000,000[173] 239 (35)[173] Choose 1 city-wide project, and 2 district projects.[174] Separate district elections plus city-wide election.
 Poland Poznań 2018 536,438[123] 55,631[175] zł 20,000,000[175] 259 (30)[176] Choose 1 city-wide project, and 2 district projects.[177] Separate district elections plus city-wide election.
 Poland Warsaw 2022 1,792,718[178] 93,539[179] zł 93,575,094[179] 1429 (349)[179] 15-approval in district, 10-approval city-wide.[180]
 Poland Warsaw 2021 1,792,718[178] 109,025[181] zł 83,000,000[181] 1503 (359)[181] 15-approval in district, 10-approval city-wide.[182]
 Poland Warsaw 2020 1,794,166[178] 105,822[183] zł 83,000,000[183] 1425 (414)[183] 15-approval in district, 10-approval city-wide.[184]
 Poland Warsaw 2019 1,790,658[178] 89,807[185] zł 64,000,000[186] 1628 (850)[186] Knapsack vote. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood.[187] In some districts, can vote (knapsack) for the district and vote (knapsack) for a neighborhood.
 Poland Warsaw 2018 1,777,972[178] 117,381[188] zł 61,419,912[188] 1808 (881)[188]
 Poland Warsaw 2017 1,764,615[178] 128,406[189] zł 58,588,894[189] 1749 (770)[189] Knapsack vote. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood.[190] In some districts, can vote (knapsack) for the district and vote (knapsack) for a neighborhood.
 Poland Warsaw 2016 1,753,977[178] 172,395[191] zł 51,000,000[191] 1464 (644)[191] Knapsack vote. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood.[192] In some districts, can vote (knapsack) for the district and vote (knapsack) for a neighborhood.
 Poland Warsaw 2015 1,744,351[178] 166,893[193] zł 26,000,000[194] 1390 (336)[194] 5-approval. Vote for projects in a single neighborhood.[195] In some districts, can vote (5-approval) for the district and vote (5-approval) for a neighborhood.
 Poland Wrocław 2022 642,687[123] 86,750[196] zł 30,000,000[197] 170 (17)[198] Choose 1 local project and 1 global project.[197] Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district.
 Poland Wrocław 2021 642,687[123] 89,933[199] zł 25,000,000[200] 173 (20)[201] Choose 1 local project and 1 global project.[200] Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district.
 Poland Wrocław 2020 641,928[123] 95,206[202] zł 25,000,000[203] 199 (20)[204] Choose 1 local project and 1 global project.[203] Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district.
 Poland Wrocław 2019 642,869[123] 86,484[205] zł 25,000,000[206] 235 (20)[207] Choose 1 local project and 1 global project.[206] Separate budget limit for local and global projects, but no separate elections per district.
 Poland Wrocław 2018 640,648[123] 68,670[208] zł 25,250,000[209] 263 (63)[210] Choose 1 small local project, 1 large local project, 2 city-wide projects, 1 monument project.[209] Each district is allocated the same budget.
 Poland Wrocław 2017 638,586[123] 97,043[211] zł 25,000,000[212] 372 (64)[213] Choose 1 small local project, 1 large local project, 2 city-wide projects.[212] Each district is allocated the same budget.
 Poland Łódź 2021 664,071[123] 87,397[214] zł 26,000,000[214] 716 (257)[215] 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects.[214] Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in two districts.
 Poland Łódź 2020 672,185[123] 68,329[216] zł 24,000,000[217] 601 (242)[217][216] 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects.[217] Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in two districts.
 Poland Łódź 2019 679,941[123] 162,658[218] zł 50,000,000[218] 1043 (261)[218] 5-approval.[219] Separate district elections. Voter can vote for local projects in all districts.
 Poland Łódź 2018 685,285[123] 113,764[220] zł 40,000,000[221] 837 (235)[220][222] 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects.[223] Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in one district.
 Poland Łódź 2017 690,422[123] 97,974[224] zł 40,000,000[225] 730 (233)[225] 5-approval for local projects and 5-approval for global projects.[226] Separate district elections plus city-wide election. Voter can vote for local projects in one district.
 Portugal Portugal 2018 10,276,617 71,125[227][b] €5,000,000[228] 691 (22)[228] Choose 1 nation-wide project and 1 regional project.[229] Could vote online or by SMS.
 Portugal Portugal 2017 10,291,027 45,000[230][b] €3,000,000[231] 599 (38)[231] Choose 1 nation-wide project and 1 regional project.[232] Could vote online or by SMS.
 Spain Barcelona 2021 1,620,343 39,433[233] €30,000,000[234] 184 (76)[234] Knapsack vote. Each voter can vote in their district of residence and a second freely chosen district.
 Spain Madrid 2022 3,223,334 36,265[235] €50,000,000[236] 209 (132)[235][237] Knapsack vote with negative votes.[238] Negative votes subtract 0.33 points.
 Spain Madrid 2019 3,223,334 32,418[239] €100,000,000[240] 693 (369)[239] Knapsack vote.[241]
 Spain Madrid 2018 3,223,334 56,082[242] €100,000,000[243] 702 (328)[242][244] Knapsack vote.[245]
 Spain Madrid 2017 3,223,334 38,866[246] €100,000,000[247] 720 (311)[246][248] Knapsack vote.
 Spain Madrid 2016 3,223,334 32,817[249] €60,000,000[247] 623 (206)[249][250] Knapsack vote.
 Spain Valencia 2021 789,744 20,611[251] €8,000,000[252] 283 (139)[251] Knapsack vote.[253]
 Spain Valencia 2019 789,744 14,530[254] €8,000,000[254] 63 (21)[254] Knapsack vote. Single city-wide election.[254]
 Spain Valencia 2018 789,744 14,455[255] €8,000,000[255] 202 (103)[255] Knapsack vote.
 Spain Valencia 2017 789,744 12,987[256] €7,000,000[256] 47 (7)[256] Knapsack vote. Single city-wide election.
 Spain Valencia 2017 789,744 12,407[257] €7,000,000[257] 115 (71)[257] Knapsack vote.
  Switzerland Lausanne 2022 139,111 18,355[258] SFr 175,000[259] 21 (12)[258] Approval vote. Need to vote for at least 3 projects, no maximum.[260]
  Switzerland Lausanne 2021 139,111 3,078[261] SFr 175,000[261] 15 (11)[261] Knapsack vote. SFr 12,928 were left unspent.[261]
  Switzerland Zürich 2021 434,335 1,804[262] SFr 540,000[262] 135 (61)[262] Knapsack vote in one of 4 districts.
 USA Cambridge 2021 118,403 7,441[263] US$1,000,000[263] 20 (7)[263] 5-approval.[264] Budget overshot to fund 7th project.
 USA Cambridge 2020 118,403 7,250[265] US$500,000[266] 16 (7)[265] 5-approval.[264] Budget overshot to US$525,000.
 USA Cambridge 2019 118,403 7,602[267] US$1,000,000[267] 20 (8)[267] 5-approval.[267] Budget overshot to US$1,125,000.
 USA Cambridge 2018 118,403 6,849[268] US$900,000[268] 20 (6)[268] 5-approval.[268] Budget overshot to US$925,000.
 USA Cambridge 2017 118,403 6,778[269] US$800,000[269] 20 (7)[269] 5-approval.[269] Budget overshot to US$867,000.
 USA Cambridge 2016 118,403 4,730[270] US$700,000[271] 20 (7)[270] 5-approval.[270] Budget overshot to US$706,000.
 USA Cambridge 2015 118,403 4,184[272] US$600,000[272] 23 (7)[272] 6-approval.[272] One project's budget was reduced to fit in the budget.[273]
 USA Cambridge 2015 118,403 2,727[274] US$500,000[275] 20 (6)[274] 5-approval.[274] Pilot. Budget overshot to US$528,000.
 USA Greensboro 2019 299,035 3,961[276] US$500,000[277] 26 (20)[278] Some projects received partial funding to fit within the budget. 5 separate district elections.
 USA New York City[c] 2019 5,080,147[d] 118,308[280] US$39,000,000[280] 346 (145)[281] 5-approval. Residents of 32 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district.
 USA New York City[c] 2018 4,288,042[d] 99,252[282] US$28,500,000[282] 303 (122)[283] 5-approval. Residents of 27 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district.
 USA New York City[c] 2017 4,772,217[d] 102,800[284] US$40,000,000[284] 394 (138)[284] 5-approval.[285] Residents of 31 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district.
 USA New York City[c] 2016 4,408,140[d] 67,690[286] US$38,295,700[286] 379 (132)[286] 5-approval. Residents of 28 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district.
 USA New York City[c] 2015 3,806,281[d] 51,362[287] US$32,459,025[287] 348 (114)[288][289] 5-approval. Residents of 24 city council districts were able to vote on projects in their district.
 USA Vallejo 2021 126,090 1,909[290] US$500,000[291] 11 (8)[290]
 USA Vallejo 2019 126,090 US$1,000,000[292] 12 (9)[292] 2-approval.[293]
 USA Vallejo 2018 126,090 5,205[294] US$1,000,000[295] 10 (10)[295] 2-approval.[296] 1 project received partial funding.
 USA Vallejo 2017 126,090 4,216[297] US$1,000,000[298] 19 (4)[299] 4-approval.[300]
 USA Vallejo 2015 126,090 3,098[301] US$1,000,000[301] 25 (5)[301] Vote for 1 of 2 "people projects" and for 4 of 17 "infrastructure projects".[302]
 USA Vallejo 2014 126,090 3,098[303] US$2,440,000[303] 42 (8)[303] 5-approval.[304]
 USA Vallejo 2013 126,090 3,917[305] US$3,200,000[305] 33 (12)[305] 6-approval.[306]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ In years prior to 2022, Lille used a jury to make decisions, not a vote.
  2. ^ a b This is the number of votes for regional projects. Each voter has two votes (regional/national), but only the total number of votes, not of individual voters, was reported. In 2018, there were 71,125 regional votes and 48,578 national votes. In 2017, there were "about 45 thousand" votes for regional projects, and about 35 thousand for national projects.
  3. ^ a b c d e Only parts of the city. Residents of a changing collection of city council districts can vote.
  4. ^ a b c d e This is the sum of the populations of the participating city council districts according to the 2010 census.[279]

References[edit]

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