List of active separatist movements in South America
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.
Criteria[edit]
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).
Argentina[edit]
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Wallmapu[3][4] - Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras,[3] Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche,[4] Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
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- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Patagonia
Brazil[edit]
- Proposed: Independence for the Northeast Region of Brazil
- Advocacy group:
Nordeste Independente[7][8][9]
- Advocacy group:
- Proposed state:
Republic of the Peoples of the Amazon
- Proposed state:
Republic of Pernambuco
- Proposed state:
Republic of São Paulo
- Advocacy groups: Movimento São Paulo Independente,[13][14] Movimento República de São Paulo[15]
- Proposed: Independence for the South Region of Brazil
- Advocacy group:
O Sul É o Meu País
- Advocacy group:
- Proposed state:
Espírito Santo Republic of Espírito Santo
Bolivia[edit]
República de Santa Cruz[18][19]
- Proposed state:
República de Santa Cruz
- Advocacy group:
Nación Camba
- Advocacy group:
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- Proposed state: Qullasuyu
- Ethnic group:
Aymara people - Proposed state or autonomus area:
Qullasuyu
- Advocacy groups for increased autonomy:
Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto
- Advocacy groups for increased autonomy:
- Ethnic group:
Chile[edit]
- Proposed autonomous area: Wallmapu[3][4][20]
- Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
- Proposed autonomous area:
Chiloé
- Advocacy group: Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano[21][22][23]
- Proposed autonomous area:
Arica y Parinacota Region[25]
- Political party: Arica Estado Independiente[26]
Colombia[edit]
- Proposed state or autonomus area:
Antioquia
France[edit]
- Proposed state:
Republic of Amazonia or Republic of Cayenne[31][32]
- Advocacy group: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement
Peru[edit]
- Proposed state: Qullasuyu &
Sur-Peruana[33]
- Ethnic group: Aymara people
- Proposed state or autonomus area: Qullasuyu
- Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country,Peruvian Nationalist Party, Peruvian 'Great South'[34]
- Advocacy groups for increased autonomy:
- Ethnic group:
- Proposed greater autonomy for:
Department of Loreto[35][36][37][38]
Venezuela[edit]
- Proposed autonomus area:
Zulia - Advocacy group: Autonomous Indigenous Movement of Zulia (Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del Zulia)[42][43][44]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Mendoexit: ¿los mendocinos quieren que su provincia se independice de la Argentina?". LA NACION (in Spanish). 2020-06-30. Archived from the original on 2021-11-29. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
- ^ a b Conte, Gabriel (5 December 2020). ""Éxito", el partido del MendoExit: "No queremos ser tercera fuerza, sino más que eso"". www.memo.com.ar (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
- ^ a b c d e "Aucán Huilcamán: "Podemos converger con muchos grupos hacia la autodeterminación" « Diario y Radio Universidad Chile". radio.uchile.cl (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-11.
- ^ a b c "Insólito aval oficial a grupos que, con respaldo inglés, quieren un Estado separado en el sur de Argentina y Chile: the Mapuche Nation". infobae (in European Spanish). 19 October 2021. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
- ^ a b "Se viene el Movimiento Independentista Patagónico?".
- ^ a b "Violencia y separatismo en la Patagonia". 16 October 2022.
- ^ Araújo, Mariana (2017-01-29). "Grupo quer separação do Nordeste do Brasil". Jornal do Commercio (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ a b Lisboa, Daniel (2020-01-14). "Separatismo do Norte e Nordeste busca autonomia para vingar descaso federal". UOL Tab (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ Pereira, Néli (2016-07-09). "'Nordexit?' - como o Brexit animou movimentos separatistas no Brasil". BBC News Brasil (in Portuguese). São Paulo. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ "Amazônia Independente: movimento propõe a emancipação da região norte". Portal Amazônia (in Portuguese). 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ Esteves, Eduarda (2018-12-20). "'Meu país Pernambuco': grupo quer separar Estado do Brasil". LeiaJá (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ Mello, Alessandra (2017-10-09). "Além do Sul, São Paulo e outros estados têm movimentos para se separar do Brasil". Estado de Minas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ Lima, Daniela (2015-01-25). "Separatistas querem nova moeda e São Paulo 'livre de Brasília'". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). São Paulo. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ Apple, Caroline (2015-01-27). "'Somos parasitados pelo governo federal', diz porta-voz de movimento que pede independência de SP". R7.com (in Portuguese). São Paulo. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ "Separatismo de São Paulo incorpora antipetismo". CartaCapital (in Portuguese). 2014-10-12. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
- ^ "O Espírito Santo é meu país".
- ^ "Movimento pela Independência do Espírito Santo".
- ^ "Alertan en Bolivia sobre plan separatista de Santa Cruz". 28 December 2022.
- ^ "Separatismo 2.0 en Bolivia: Santa Cruz intenta separarse del resto del país". 16 November 2022.
- ^ "Indígenas fundam partido e defendem separatismo no Chile. Qual a chance de sucesso". Nexo Jornal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ "INICIO". Archipiélago Soberano (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-10-17.
- ^ "Mystical islanders divided over Chile's giant bridge project". Reuters. 2018-03-01. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ Columnista (2016-05-23). "Chiloé: La Crisis de la Regionalización". El Dínamo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ "Ante el abandono ¿Arica Estado Independiente?".
- ^ "Independencia para Arica!". 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Ante el abandono ¿Arica Estado Independiente?".
- ^ "Inicio - Antioquia Libre y Soberana". 2017-11-14. Archived from the original on 2017-11-14. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ soachainiciativaciudadana (2022-06-24). "¿Antioquia se independizaría de Colombia?". Soacha Iniciativa Ciudadana (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ REPÚBLICA FEDERAL ANTIOQUIA ESTÁ PRÓXIMA ! LA INDEPENDENCIA ES INMINENTE ! LATAM TENDRÁ OTRO PAÍS !, retrieved 2023-05-25
- ^ "Antioquia merece ser un país. La propuesta 'separatista' del uribismo – Rebelion" (in Spanish). 2021-09-11. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
- ^ "For a Free Guiana". jacobin.com. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
- ^ Šerić, Matija (2023-03-02). "French Guiana: The Most Valuable French Colony Of The 21st Century – Analysis". eurasia review. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
- ^ Coronel, Omar. "Understanding the protests in Peru". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^ Santos, Susana (2023-01-06). "Un movimiento secesionista amenaza al gobierno de Lima y auspicia la independencia del 'Gran Sur' peruano". elDiarioAR.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-03-15.
- ^ Loreto iría a referéndum para independizarse del Perú, retrieved 2023-05-25
- ^ "Región Loreto Advierte a Humala que Irá a Referéndum para Independizarse del Perú". Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ "Indigenous Wampís Notify the Peruvian State on its Autonomous Territorial Government". International Rivers. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
- ^ "The Autonomous Territorial Government of the Wampis Nation (GTANW)". Transformative Pathways. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ "The Wampis Nation - the first indigenous autonomous government in Peru - IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs". www.iwgia.org. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
- ^ "Autonomous Territorial Government of the Wampis Nation (GTANW)".
- ^ "STATUTE OF THE AUTONOMOUS TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT OF THE WAMPIS NATION In memory of our ancestors and for our right to self-determination as a people and nation" (PDF).
- ^ "Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del Zulia".
- ^ Geronimo, Perez Rescaniere (2023-03-02). "The revolution of February 4, frustration of the secession of Zulia (4)". Ultimasnoticias. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
- ^ "Why Latin America has no serious separatist movements". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2023-06-13.