List of London Underground electric multiple units

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London Underground tube stock

Electric multiple units have operated on the London Underground since 1898, and exclusively since 1961.[1] They are of two sizes, smaller deep-tube trains and larger sub-surface trains that are of a similar size to those on British main lines.

The Waterloo & City line opened in 1898 with electric multiple units,[2] and the later tube railways followed, using trains that were known as gate stock, as access was via lattice gates at each end of each car.[3] The earlier railways had electrified the underground sections by 1907.[4] Pneumatic sliding doors were introduced on tube trains in 1920[5] and sub-surface trains in the late 1930s.[6] Until the early 1960s an electric locomotive was exchanged for a steam locomotive on the Metropolitan line beyond Rickmansworth.[7] The Victoria line opened in the late 1960s using Automatic Train Operation (ATO),[8] and the last train with a guard ran in 2000.[9]

Sub-surface stock[edit]

Before 1933 the sub-surface lines were run by two companies, the District Railway and Metropolitan Railway. As the Circle line was operated jointly, they collaborated in building a prototype in 1900.[10]

Stock Image Entered service Withdrawn Line(s) Notes
Joint Prototype
1900
1900
 District A 6-car train, 3 cars owned by each company[10]

District Railway[edit]

See also: District Railway electric multiple units

Initially District Railway cars were compatible, except for A Stock, and trains were made up from cars of any age,[11] until the incompatible F Stock arrived in 1920.[12] The District classified its rolling stock using letters of the alphabet in 1925,[13] before the fleet was rebuilt, forming main line and local pools.[14] The H Stock designation was used in 1925 for rebuilt B Stock cars and by LT in the 1930s for the remaining cars with hand-operated doors.[15]

Stock Introduced Withdrawn Notes
A Stock
1903
1925
 Two prototype 7-car trains.[16]
B Stock
1905
—
 Motor cars converted into 1926 H Stock.[17]
C Stock
1911
—
 Rebuilt 1926–30,[18] reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT.[19]
D Stock
1912
—
 Rebuilt 1926–30,[18] reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT.[19]
E Stock
1914
—
 Rebuilt 1926–30,[18] reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT.[19]
F Stock
1920
1963
 Incompatible with the other District Railway trains, transferred to the Metropolitan line in the 1950s[20]
G Stock
1923
1959
 Converted to Q23 Stock except for the single G23 cars that operated South Acton shuttles.[21]
H Stock
1926
1923–35
 Converted B Stock cars[22]
K Stock
1927[23]
—
 Converted to Q Stock from 1937
L Stock
1931[24]
—
 Converted to Q Stock from 1937

Metropolitan Railway[edit]

See also: Metropolitan Railway electric multiple units

The Metropolitan Railway used both Westinghouse (BWE) and Thomson-Houston (BTH) control equipment, making the cars incompatible. Originally cars had a saloon layout, but after 1906 surplus bogie compartment carriages built in 1898 and 1900 were converted. Compartment stock was introduced on Watford services after 1927.

Class Introduced Withdrawn Formation Motor cars Comments
V
1905
from 1936
 7-car 150 BWE
200 BTH		 The original electric rolling stock, built in 1904–06.[25]
Hammersmith & City
1906
from 1937
 6-car 150 BTH Jointly owned with the Great Western Railway. Some trains lent to the Mersey Railway 1942–45.[26]
W
1906
by 1939
 5-car to 8-car 1927/30/31 Bogie stock trailers that ran with 150 BWE motor cars before converted to run with the 200 BTH motor cars. Converted to run with motor cars from the MW pool in 1927.[27]
M
1906
by 1939
 7-car, then 8-car 200 BTH Bogie stock conversion[28]
N
1906
1939
 6-car, then 4-car 150 BWE Bogie stock conversion[29]
Circle
1913/21
1950
 5-car 200 BTH
200 BWE		 Refurbished after 1933, when the motors were replaced.[30]
Hustle
S
1919/25
 8-car Experimental compartment stock with swing doors, and motor cars with electro-pneumatic control equipment[31]
MV
1927–29
—
 7-car 1927 Compartment stock, the MV stock trailers rebuilt from carriages. Converted in 1935 and reclassified T Stock in 1938.[32]
MW
1929–33
—
 8-car 1927/30/31

London Transport[edit]

In 1933 the Metropolitan and District railways were merged with the other underground railways, tramway companies and bus operators to form the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB), which continued the District Railway classification system.[33]

Stock Image Entered service Withdrawn Line(s) Notes
H Stock
—
1957
 District Second use of the designation, for District Railway trains that remained with hand-operated doors.[34]
M/N Stock
1935
—
 Hammersmith & City
District		 Converted to Q Stock in 1937[35]
O/P Stock
1937
1981
 Circle, Hammersmith & City, Metropolitan,
East London and District		 Converted to CO/CP stock in the 1950s.[36]
Q Stock
1938
1971
 District
East London		 District Railway cars built after 1923 with new Q38 cars.[37]
R Stock
1950[38]
1983
 District Q38 cars formed with new cars.[39]
T Stock
1938
1962
 Metropolitan Converted from Metropolitan Railway compartment stock[40]
A Stock
1961
2012
 Metropolitan
East London		 [41][42]
C Stock
1970–78
2014
 Circle
District
Hammersmith & City		 [43][44]
D Stock
1980–83
2017
 District [43][45][46]
S Stock
2010–17
In service
 Metropolitan (2010–current)
Hammersmith & City (2012–current)
Circle (2013–current)
District (2013–current)		 In service[47]

Great Northern & City[edit]

The Great Northern & City Railway (now the Northern City Line) was a tube built in the early 20th century with an internal diameter of 16 feet (4.9 m) to take main-line trains.

Stock Entered Service Withdrawn Line(s) Notes
GN&C Stock
1904
1939
 Northern City Line Replaced by Standard Stock[48][49]

Tube stock[edit]

The deep-level tubes use smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels with a diameter of about 11 feet 8 inches (3.56 m).

Stock Image Entered Service Withdrawn Line(s) Notes
Original Waterloo & City line stock
1898
1940
 Waterloo & City [50]
1903 Stock
1903[51]
1939[52]
 Central Central London Stock, with trailers rebuilt from locomotive hauled cars that entered service in 1900.[53] Refurbished in 1926–28.[54]
Gate Stock
1906[55]
1930
 Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly Except for two cars that ran on the Aldwych branch and were scrapped in 1956.[56]
1914 Stock
1914
 circa 1935
[citation needed]		 Bakerloo For the extension to Paddington[57]
1915 Stock
1917
 Bakerloo, Central Motor cars, used on the Bakerloo line until replaced by Joint Stock in 1920/21. Refurbished with the rest of the Central London Stock in 1926–28.[58]
Watford Joint Stock
1920
1930–31[59]
 Bakerloo Jointly owned with the London & North Western Railway,[60] and replaced by Standard Stock with air-operated doors. Three 3-car sets were modified for use by the LMSR on the Watford Junction-Rickmansworth and Croxley Green shuttles. These were withdrawn in 1939.[59]
1919/22 Stock
1920
1938
 Bakerloo, Piccadilly First trains with air-operated doors[5]
Standard Stock
1923
1966
 Bakerloo, Central, Northern, Piccadilly, Northern City Line Also known as pre-1938[61][48] Standard Stock trains ran on the Isle of Wight 1967–92.[62]
1935 Stock
1935
1976
[citation needed]		 Four six-car prototypes, some with air-conditioning and stream-lining. Non-streamlined units converted into two cars in 1940[63]
1938 Stock
1938
1988[64]
 Bakerloo, Piccadilly, Northern, Northern City Line, East London Withdrawn in 1985, but five trains re-entered service the following year to allow stock to be converted for One Person Operation.[65] In 1989 some trains were sold to replace Standard Stock on the Isle of Wight.[66]
Waterloo & City 1940s stock
1940
1993
 Waterloo & City [67][68]
1949 Stock
1951
1978
[citation needed]		 Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly To supplement 1938 Stock[69]
1956 Stock
1957
2000
[citation needed]		 Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly Prototype trains with unpainted aluminium bodies.[70]
1959 Stock
1959
2000[9]
 Central, Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly Minor changes from 1956 Stock
1960 Stock
1960
1994
[citation needed]		 Central Prototype motors cars that ran with converted pre-1938 Stock, then converted 1938 Stock.[71]
1962 Stock
1962
1999
[citation needed]		 Central, Piccadilly, Northern Compatible with 1959 Stock.[72]
1967 Stock
1968[73]
2009–11[74]
 Victoria
1972 Stock
1972–75
In service
 Bakerloo[43][75]
1973 Stock
1975–78
In service
 Piccadilly[43][76]
1983 Stock
1984
1997–98
 Jubilee [77]
1986 Stock
1986–87
1989
 Jubilee Prototypes[78]
1992 Stock
1993–95
In service
 Central, Waterloo & City[43][79]
1995 Stock 1997–2000
In service
 Northern[43][80]
1996 Stock 1997–1998
In service
 Jubilee[43][81]
2009 Stock 2009–2011
In service
 Victoria[82]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 113.
  2. ^ Green 1987, pp. 20–21.
  3. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 37–44.
  4. ^ Green 1987, pp. 24–26.
  5. ^ a b Bruce 1988, pp. 49–52.
  6. ^ Bruce 1983, p. 97.
  7. ^ Day & Reed 2010, p. 159.
  8. ^ Green 1987, pp. 57–58.
  9. ^ a b Day & Reed 2010, p. 205.
  10. ^ a b Bruce 1983, pp. 27–29.
  11. ^ Bruce 1983, p. 69.
  12. ^ Bruce 1983, p. 78.
  13. ^ Bruce 1983, p. 82.
  14. ^ Bruce 1983, p. 85.
  15. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 82, 96.
  16. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 30–32.
  17. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 28, 35–36, 85.
  18. ^ a b c Bruce 1988, pp. 68, 85, 88.
  19. ^ a b c Bruce 1988, p. 96.
  20. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 78–81.
  21. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 82–84.
  22. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 85–88.
  23. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 85.
  24. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 88.
  25. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 37–39, 76.
  26. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 42–43.
  27. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 23, 56, 72–73.
  28. ^ Bruce 1983, p. 23, 56.
  29. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 56–57.
  30. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 64–64, 71, 76–77.
  31. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 70–72.
  32. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 72–75.
  33. ^ Horne 2006, p. 63.
  34. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 96–97.
  35. ^ Bruce 1983, p. 89.
  36. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 90–95.
  37. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 96–95.
  38. ^ Horne 2006, p. 75.
  39. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 98–103.
  40. ^ Bruce 1983, pp. 72–74.
  41. ^ Hardy, Brian (2002). London Underground Rolling Stock (15th ed.). Capital Transport. p. 36. ISBN 1854142631. The first train of A60 stock entered passenger service on 12 June 1961 (units 5004 and 5008).
  42. ^ "Last A stock rail tour". Past Events. London Transport Museum. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g "Rolling Stock Data Sheet" (PDF). Transport for London, archived at What do they know. March 2007. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  44. ^ "Last day in service for the C-stock as modern air-conditioned trains introduced" (Press release). Transport for London. 3 June 2014. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014.
  45. ^ "Our Upgrade Plan (leaflet)" (PDF). Transport for London. February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  46. ^ "Rolling Stock: D Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  47. ^ "Rolling Stock: S Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  48. ^ a b Day & Reed 2010, p. 131.
  49. ^ Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 71.
  50. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 17, 23.
  51. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 25.
  52. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 36.
  53. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 29.
  54. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 32–35.
  55. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 37.
  56. ^ Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 204.
  57. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 45.
  58. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 32, 47.
  59. ^ a b Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 205.
  60. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 47.
  61. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 53, 71, 72.
  62. ^ Croome & Jackson 1993, pp. 355–356, 464.
  63. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 73–76.
  64. ^ Day & Reed 2010, p. 192.
  65. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 77–82.
  66. ^ Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 464.
  67. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 23–24.
  68. ^ Day & Reed 2010, p. 198.
  69. ^ Croome & Jackson 1993, pp. 313–315.
  70. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 87–90.
  71. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 93–98.
  72. ^ Bruce 1988, pp. 91–92.
  73. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 106.
  74. ^ Day & Reed 2010, p. 219.
  75. ^ "Rolling Stock: 1972 Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  76. ^ "Rolling Stock: 1973 Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  77. ^ Bruce 1988, p. 122.
  78. ^ Croome & Jackson 1993, pp. 472–473.
  79. ^ "Rolling Stock: 1992 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  80. ^ "Rolling Stock: 1995 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  81. ^ "Rolling Stock: 1996 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  82. ^ "Rolling Stock: 2009 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

Books[edit]

  • Bruce, J. Graeme (1983). Steam to Silver: A history of London Transport Surface Rolling Stock (2nd ed.). London: Capital Transport. ISBN 0-904711-45-5.
  • Bruce, J. Graeme (1988). London Underground Tube Stock. Shepperton: Ian Allan and London Transport Museum. ISBN 0-7110-1707-7.
  • Croome, D.; Jackson, A. (1993). Rails Through The Clay – A History of London's Tube Railways (2nd ed.). Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-151-1.
  • Day, John R.; Reed, John (2010) [1963]. The Story of London's Underground (11th ed.). Capital Transport. ISBN 978-1-85414-341-9.
  • Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground — An illustrated history. Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1720-4.
  • Horne, Mike (2006). The District Line. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-292-5.

External links[edit]

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