La Femme libre
La Femme libre (The free woman) is the first title of a French newspaper published in 1832 by Marie-Reine Guindorf and Jeanne Desirée Véret Gay. It is the first[1] French feminist journal produced and published solely by women.[2]
History[edit]
A brochure, titled La Femme libre, announced a first publication scheduled for August 15, 1832. It underlines the originality of this publication by indicating it will be written and published by women, and by only including the first names of a founder and a director. The first names appearing on this advertising document are attributed[3] to two young women who were recent activists within the Workers' College of the Saint-Simonian movement: the 22-year-old milliner worker Jeanne Desirée Véret Gay and the 20-year-old linen worker Marie-Reine Guindorf.
The first issue titled La Femme libre bore the subtitle Apostolat des femmes (Apostolate of women) but did not include a publication date. It consisted of eight pages, including the cover. There was a single article, titled "Appel aux femmes" (Call to women), organized into three parts, each signed with a first name. The first issue announced a second one to be published on August 25. The first signature, Jeanne-Victoire, is attributed to a linen worker who became a teacher, Jeanne Deroin. After pleading the place of women, she makes a link with the Saint-Simonian movement and Barthélemy-Prosper Enfantin, "Nous sommes libres et égales à l'homme ; un homme puissant et juste l'a proclamé, et il est compris de beaucoup qui le suivent" (We are free and equal to man; a mighty and righteous man has proclaimed it, and it is understood by many who follow him.) She ends with an appeal to "Femmes de la classe privilégiée ; vous qui êtes jeunes, riches et belles" (Women of the privileged class; you who are young, rich and beautiful) and to "Femmes de toutes les classes, vous avez une action puissante à exercer" (Women of all classes, you have a powerful action to exercise). This is followed by the two founders, Véret and Guindorf. To end this first issue of La Femme Libre, a postscript specifies the exclusively feminine character of the publication by excluding the possibility of an article written by a man. This small feminist newspaper, a pioneer of the women's press, quickly evolved and continued its publication until 1834. Thirty-one issues were published.[4]
Titles[edit]
- La Femme libre (1832-1832) is the only one published with this title.
- La Femme nouvelle
- L'Apostolat des femmes
- La Tribune des femmes
Notable contributors[edit]
Archives[edit]
Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand holds the publication's issues.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ Adler, Laure (1979). A l'aube du féminisme: les premières journalistes : 1830-1850 (in French). Payot. ISBN 978-2-228-12480-5. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ Chupin, Ivan; Hubé, Nicolas; Kaciaf, Nicolas (2009). Histoire politique et économique des médias en France (in French). la Découverte. ISBN 978-2-7071-5465-1. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ Mallet, Sylvie (1980). "Tribune des Femmes : une éducation pour l'indépendance économique". Romantisme (in French). 28: 203–212. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ Zancarini-Fournel, Michelle (2016). Les luttes et les rêves: une histoire populaire de la France de 1685 à nos jours (in French). Paris: Zones. ISBN 978-2-35522-088-3. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ a b "La tribune des femmes · Women's Movements · To The Barricades". www.barricades.ac.uk (in French). Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "Jeanne Deroin". Woman is a Rational Animal. University of Chicago. 12 February 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand (BMD)". www.paris.fr (in French). Retrieved 24 October 2023.
Bibliography[edit]
- Ferrando, Stefania & Kolly, Bérengère, "Le premier journal féministe. L'écriture comme pratique politique. La Femme Libre de Jeanne-Désirée et Marie-Reine", in Thomas Bouchet et al., Quand les socialistes inventaient l’avenir, La Découverte, 2015 (ISBN 9782707185914), pp. 104-12. (in French)
- Riot-Sarcey, Michèle, Histoire du féminisme, La Découverte, collection Repères, Paris, 2002. (in French)
- Voilquin, Suzanne, Souvenirs d'une file du peuple, ou La Saint-simonienne en Égypte, 1866. (in French)
- Wallon, Jean Revue critique des journaux : publiés à Paris depuis la Révolution de Février jusqu'à la fin de décembre, Bureau du Bulletin de Censure, 1849. (in French)