List of Kashmiri tribes
(Redirected from Kashmiri Muslim tribes from Hindu lineage)
Kashmiri kinship and descent is one of the major concepts of Kashmiri cultural anthropology. Hindu Kashmiris and Muslim Kashmiris living in the Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India and other parts of the country and the world are from the same ethnic stock.
Kashmiri Hindus are Saraswat Brahmins and are known by the exonym Pandit.[1] Kashmiri Muslims are descended from Kashmiri Hindus who converted to Islam and are also known as 'Sheikhs'. Kashmiri Pandits are the precursors[2] of Kashmiri Muslims who now form a majority population in the valley of Kashmir.[3][4] Both the Kashmiri Hindus and Muslim society reckons descent patrilineally. Certain property and titles may be inherited through the male line, but certain inheritances may accrue through the female line.
Highest or Top order Castes in Kashmir[edit]
Kashmiri Muslim society has remained more closer to the Hindu “Chatur Varna” caste order with its own slight modifications. Bashir Ahmed Dabla has classified Kashmiri castes into three different groups.
At the "highest or top order castes" are the Kashmiri Pandit Castes – Koul , Pandit , Mirza , Handoo , Dhar , Sapru and others and Syed Castes – Hamdani , Jeelani , Geelani , Andrabi , Bukhari and others .
Then In kashmir “middle castes” or “occupational castes”, which makes them equivalent to Hindu “Vaishya” Varna order (Wani, Zargar, Khandey, Lone, Ahangar, Naqsh , Mir and others ).
At the bottom of the hierarchy are Kashmiri Muslim caste groups which can be broadly categorized as equivalent to Hindu Varna “Shudra” or “lower occupational castes” (Waza, Chopan, Ganie , Dhobi , Hajjam, Hanji, Bhand , and others ) [5]
Kashmiri tribes[edit]
- Bhat, Bhatt or Butt[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
- Dhar/Dar[7][8][9][14][15][11]
- Lone[9]
- Kaul[16]
- Raina[1][17][15]
- Kak[14][17]
- Kachru[14][15][11][12][13]
- Kichlu[17]
- Mantu/Mantoo/Mintoo[9][11]
- Fotedar[14][15][7]
- Haksar[17][10]
- Handoo[17][11]
- Ganai[9]
- Tantray[9]
- Parray[9]
- Parimoo[10][12][13]
- Mattoo[11][17][10][14]
- Pandit[8][14][10][15][11]
- Rajguru
- Bhan[14][17]
- Bazaz[17][10]
- Bakshi[17]
- Rather[9]
- Razdan[14][17]
- Munshi[14][17][10]
- Sapru[14][17][16]
- Thussu[17][14][15]
- Tikoo[17][14]
- Zutshi[17]
- Magre/Magray[9]
- Yatoo[9]
- Wali[10][17]
- Wanchoo[17]
- Wazir[17]
- Madan[14][15]
- Wani[18]
See also[edit]
- Kashmiris
- Kashmiri diaspora
- Kashmiri Muslims
- Kashmiri Pandit
- Kashmiris of Punjab
- List of Kashmiris
- Dynasties of ancient Kashmir
- History of Jammu and Kashmir
References[edit]
- ^ a b Brower, Barbara; Johnston, Barbara Rose (2016). Disappearing Peoples?: Indigenous Groups and Ethnic Minorities in South and Central Asia. Routledge. ISBN 9781315430393.
Kashmiri Hindus are all Saraswat brahmins, known by the exonym Pandit (the endonym being Batta), a term first reserved for emigrant Kashmiri brahmins in Mughal service. Their surnames (kram) designate their original professions or their ancestors' nicknames (e.g., Hakim, Kaul, Dhar, Raina, Teng).
- ^ Kashmiri Pandits: Looking to the Future. APH Publishing. 2001. ISBN 9788176482363.
The Kashmiri Pandits are the precursors of Kashmiri Muslims who now form a majority in the valley of Kashmir...Whereas Kashmiri Pandits are of the same ethnic stock as the Kashmiri Muslims, both sharing their habitat, language, dress, food and other habits, Kashmiri Pandits form a constituent part of the Hindu society of India on the religious plane.
- ^ Bhasin, M.K.; Nag, Shampa (2002). "A Demographic Profile of the People of Jammu and Kashmir" (PDF). Journal of Human Ecology. Kamla-Raj Enterprises: 15. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
Thus the two population groups, Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims though at the time constituted ethnically homogenous population, came to differ from each other in faith and customs.
- ^ Bhasin, M.K.; Nag, Shampa (2002). "A Demographic Profile of the People of Jammu and Kashmir" (PDF). Journal of Human Ecology: 16. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
The Sheikhs are considered to be the descendants of Hindus and the pure Kashmiri Muslims, professing Sunni faith, the major part of the population of Srinagar district and the Kashmir state.
- ^ dabla, Bashir Ahmed. The Dictionary of Castes in kashmir.
- ^ The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 52. The Survey. 2003. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
The But/Butt of Punjab were originally Brahmin migrants from Kashmir during 1878 famine.
- ^ a b c Explore Kashmiri Pandits. Dharma Publications. ISBN 9780963479860. Retrieved 2 December 2010.
- ^ a b c Brower & Johnston 2016, p. 130: "Sheikh: local converts, subdivided into numerous subgroups. Most largely retain their family names, or patronyms (kram), indicating their original profession, locality or community-such as Khar (carpenter), Pampori (a place), Butt and Pandit (Brahmin), Dar (kshatriya)-but with increasing Islamization, some have dropped these"
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Proceedings - Indian History Congress, Volume 63. Indian History Congress. 2003. p. 867. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
...the Muslims also retained their Hindu caste-names known as Krams e.g. Tantre, Nayak, Magre, Rather, Lone, Bat, Dar, Parray, Mantu, Yatoo/Aitu
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ahmad, Khalid Bashir (23 June 2017). Kashmir: Exposing the Myth Behind the Narrative. SAGE Publishing. ISBN 9789386062819. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
One would come across among Muslims of Kashmir any number of surnames that are equally common among the Pandits. Among these are Bhat, Raina, Nath, Langoo, Malla, Bazaz, Saraf, Munshi, Watal, Wali, Khar, Shangloo, Nehru, Gagar, Kharoo, Aga, Jalali, Peer, Pandit, Parimoo and Mattoo.
- ^ a b c d e f g Clements, William M.; Green, Thomas A. (2006). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife: Southeast Asia and India, Central and East Asia, Middle East. Greenwood Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-313-32849-7.
A variety of Hindu surnames such as Dar, Bhatt, Handoo, Kachru, Kichlu, Matoo and Pandit persist in Muslim families.
- ^ a b c Anwar, Tarique; Bhat, Rajesh (23 February 2008). "Kashmiryat in Kashmiri surnames". Two Circles. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
Similarly, Mirza, Dhar or Dar, Bhat, Kaul, Akhoon, Chakoo, Durrani, Kachroo, Draboo, Kaloo, Kanna, Kaw, Khar, Khuda, Kitchloo, Munshi, Machama, Mirza, Padar, Parimoo and Raina are a few typical surnames that are used by both Hindus, and Muslims of Kashmir!
- ^ a b c Kaul, Upendra (4 September 2020). "My name is Khan, and I'm Kaul". Greater Kashmir. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
Similarly, Mirza, Dhar or Dar, Bhat, Akhoon, Chakoo, Durrani, Kachroo, Draboo, Kaloo, Kanna, Kaw, Khar, Khuda, Kitchloo, Munshi, Machama, Mirza, Padar, Parimoo and Raina are a few typical surnames that are used by both Hindus, and Muslims of Kashmir
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lawrence, Sir Walter Roper (2005). The Valley of Kashmir. Asian Educational Services. p. 304. ISBN 978-81-206-1630-1.
Among the leading Krams may be mentioned the following names:— Tikku, Razdan, Kak, Munshi, Mathu, Kachru, Pandit, Sapru, Bhan, Zitshu, Raina, Dar, Fotadar, Madan, Thusu, Wangnu, Muju, Hokhu, and Dulu.
- ^ a b c d e f g Raina, Mohini Qasba (13 November 2014). Kashur The Kashmiri Speaking People: Analytical Perspective. Partridge Singapore. p. 55. ISBN 9781482899450. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
Among the leading Krams may be mentioned the following names: Tikku, Razdan, Kak, Munshi, Mathu, Kachru, Pandit, Sipru, Bhan, Zitshu, Raina, Dhar, Fotadar, Madan, Thusu, Wangnu, Muju, Hokhu, and Dulu. Of these the members of the Dhar family have probably been the most influential.
- ^ a b Schofield, Victoria (2003). Kashmir in conflict. I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 4. ISBN 1860648983. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
...looms rose to 24,000 by 1813. Despite the religious oppression that many hindus were subjected , they were however, useful to the Afghans because of their administrative experience. Kashmiri Pandits were not prevented into entering into government service & there were some families whose names consistently appear in public service - the Dhars, Kauls, Tikkus & Saprus.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Agrawal, Premendra (20 August 2014). Accursed & Jihadi Neighbour. Commercial Services. p. 86. ISBN 9788193051207. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
Meaning of surnames found on the Kashmiri Pandit tree: Bakaya, Sapru, Bakshi, Munshi, Wazir, Chalkbast, Bhan, Langar or Langroo, Wattal, Bazaz, Taimini, Mattu, Chak, Zalpuri, Khar, Hazari, Zutshi, Razdan, Tikhu, Kathju, sopori, Thussoo, Haksar, Raina, Waloo or Wali, Wantu/Wanchu, Gamkhwar, Kakh, Mushran, Sharga, Handoo, Gurtu, Kitchlu, and Ganjoo.
- ^ Hasan, Amir; Anthropological Survey of India, eds. (2005). Uttar Pradesh. Manohar: Anthropological Survey of India. p. 769. ISBN 978-81-7304-114-3.
The Kesarwani Bania, or simply the Kesarwani, as they are popularly referred to, are an important group of the Vaishya or business community. They were also referred to as Baniya, Bani and Bakkal in the British time. From Kashmir, they came to Kara- Manikpur at the end of the twelfth century.
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