Jane Loeau
| Jane Loeau | |
|---|---|
| Born | December 5, 1828 Waimea, Kauai County, Hawaii |
| Died | July 30, 1873 (aged 44) Puunui, Honolulu, Hawaii |
| Spouse | John Robert Jasper (m. ?; div. ?) Marvin Seger (m. 1855; div. ?) S. L. Kaelemakule (m. 1862) |
| Issue | Paki-liilii Kaelemakule |
| House | Kekaulike |
| Father | Kalaniulumoku |
| Mother | Kuini Liliha |
Jane Loeau (December 5, 1828 – July 30, 1873) was a Hawaiian chiefess during the Kingdom of Hawaii who attended the Chiefs' Children's School, also known as the Royal School.
Early life and education[edit]
She was born December 5, 1828, at Waimea, Kauai, the daughter of High Chief Kalaniulumoku and High Chiefess Kuini Liliha. Her mother was the royal governor of Oahu and was politically powerful during the regency of Kaahumanu. She was descended from Kahekili II, Moi of Maui, and High Chief Hoapili through her mother.[1] She had a half-sister Abigail Maheha. She was adopted or hānaied by Ahukai (Kaukualii).[2][3][4]
At a young age, she was placed in the Chiefs' Children's School, also known as the Royal School, a select school for the royal children of the highest rank who were eligible to be rulers. Along with her other classmates, she was chosen by Kamehameha III to be eligible for the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii. She was one of the first to attend Chiefs' Children's School. Her classmates included her half-sister Abigail Maheha and fourteen other royal cousins. Out of the sixteen children of the school five would rule as monarchs of the kingdom.[5][6][7]
They were taught by Amos Starr Cooke and his wife, Juliette Montague Cooke, to eat, dress, and speak like European or American children. In the classroom students were divided by their age and length of time at the school. At the age of eleven, she was the eldest girl and student at the school and a member of the senior level class.[8][9] On Sundays it was customary for boys and girls to walk side by side to church; Jane walked beside Moses Kekūāiwa, the eldest boy at the school and brother of Alexander Liholiho and Lot Kapuaiwa.[10][11] They were betrothed to one another.[12]
In her school days, she was a closed friend of Bernice Pauahi,[13] who was the only girl at the school around her age. She and Bernice often played on the piano, teaching the younger girls how to sing and play the piano. Among them was Lydia Kamakaeha, who would be Hawaii's last queen and a great composer.[14][15]
American merchant Gorham D. Gilman visited the Royal School in 1848, after both Jane and Abigail had left the school. He commented on the two sisters' education, declining family rank and inability to support themselves:
The two female pupils who have left were two sisters—who had been educated at the school and remained in it until they were married. These two are of an ancient family wh[ich] was formerly of rank and importance among the other high families—but adversity and losses have taken from them the most of their lands and influence—they however are acknowledged by the Court as of rank but have not the means of supporting it. The two misses were pleasant agreeable young ladies—of good capability—and who made considerable advances in their studies particularly the elder wh[o] was a Compan[ion] of Miss B.s [Bernice Pauahi] and who like her played & sang as well and painted and drew very prettily—and gave evidence that their teachers had not been remiss in the discharge of their duties to them but done all they could to fit them for life.[16]
Marriage[edit]
Loeau was known for her good looks and lively ways.[17] When she turned eighteen she left school. She was originally intended for Moses Kekūāiwa, the eldest of the Kamehameha brothers, but after his expulsion from the school, he had shown no further interest in her. Thus, she was encouraged by the Cookes to break off her betrothal and accept the courting of John Robert Jasper, a young American attorney from Virginia. Loeau married Jasper on September 2, 1847. The marriage had the sanction of the Privy Council.[12][15] Their wedding party was held at Chiefs' Children School and was a festive event. Seventy-five people were present, including King Kamehameha III, Queen Kalama, chiefs, chiefesses, the privy council, ministers of state, consuls, missionaries and other foreigners.[18][19] Her marriage to John Jasper was not a happy one as noted later on by her school teacher Mrs. Cooke in her diary:[20]
Jane's marriage with Mr. Jasper turns out to be a sad affair. He is, and has been, very intemperate and she has not been any better for it, and now he has forbidden any one trusting her on his account. The probability is that they will be divorced....[20]
Their marriage was one of greatest scandals in Honolulu in those days and was a continental source of gossip.[17] As Mrs. Cooke predicted, their marriage eventually ended in divorce, and Jasper died on April 29, 1851.[12][21]
Writing in 1854, United States Commissioner to the Hawaiian Kingdom David L. Gregg painted a negative picture of Loeau and her marriage to Jasper which contrasted with Cooke's account:[22]
Yesterday I met at Kalihi a woman named Jane Jasper, the widow of an American Lawyer, who filled the offices of Register of Conveyances here. She was educated at the Royal School, speaks English perfectly and is sprightly and well informed. In her Younger days she was regarded as the most promising of all the half-whites. After her marriage with Jasper, she fell into habits of licentiousness, contracted disease, communicated it to her husband, of which he died miserably, but succeeded in getting cured herself. She is now a prostitute, steeped in vice, but sprightly intelligent, and able to converse not only with propriety but elegance. It was sad to think, when listening to her, that she was entirely lost to decency and virtue.[22]
Loeau married for the second time to Marvin Seger on March 15, 1855.[23] Seger was a Honolulu businessman with a shop on Maunakea Street. This second union also ended in divorce and Loeau petitioned to be able to remarry.[24] She remarried on December 6, 1862, to S. L. Kaelemakule in a ceremony officiated by Reverend Artemas Bishop in Honolulu.[25] Loeau had a son named Paki-liilii Kaelemakule with her third husband.[26]
Later life and death[edit]
She later moved to Lahaina, but returned to Honolulu where she lived out the rest of her life in relative obscurity.[27] Loeau died on July 30, 1873, at Puunui, Honolulu. While still considered strong of body, she had been feeling chest pains after bathing and the condition resulted in her early death.[2] Her body was laid to rest in the cemetery at Kawaiahaʻo Church.[28] In a letter to her cousin Peter Kaʻeo, Queen Emma complained about the tastelessness and the lack of respect Loeau, their former classmate, was given in her obituary written by Ka Nūhou, which was only a brief account of her genealogy.[17] The Hawaiian press was much more sympathetic. On August 6, 1873, her husband S. L. Kaelemakule wrote an article along with a mele kanaenae (traditional Hawaiian chant) on Ko Hawaii Ponoi in honor of her. In it he described her and their marriage:
We were together for 10 years, 7 months, and 25 days in the covenant of marriage in peace and happiness. We did not leave one another, but it was the angel of heaven who has separated us, and I live with sadness and never-ending regret. She is one of the royal descendants of Hawaii nei, born of alii "Papa." From ancient times, her rank was of royalty, but she humbled herself, befriended and warmly welcomed newcomers, she was loving, and she was kind in actions and words, and she was a follower of the Lord.[29]
References[edit]
- ^ McKinzie 1983, pp. 41–42.
- ^ a b "Ka make ana o Jane Loeau". Ko Hawaii Ponoi. Vol. I, no. 8. Honolulu. August 6, 1873. p. 2. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
- ^ Cooke & Cooke 1937, p. vi.
- ^ Dibble 1843, p. 330; Wyllie 1845, p. 130; "The following is a list of the young chiefs at present in the school of Mr. and Mrs. Cooke". The Friend. Vol. II, no. VIII. Honolulu. August 1, 1844. p. 36.
- ^ "Princes and Chiefs eligible to be Rulers". The Polynesian. Vol. 1, no. 9. Honolulu. July 20, 1844. p. 1.
- ^ Van Dyke 2008, p. 364.
- ^ Kaomea 2014, p. 125.
- ^ Kanahele 1999, pp. 30–34.
- ^ Menton 1981, pp. 17–21.
- ^ Liliuokalani 1898, pp. 1–9.
- ^ Krout 1908, pp. 44–45.
- ^ a b c Kaomea 2014, pp. 135–137.
- ^ Krout 1908, p. 28.
- ^ Bingham 1855, p. 581.
- ^ a b ABCFM 1848, p. 140.
- ^ Gilman 1970, pp. 126–127.
- ^ a b c Kaeo & Queen Emma 1976, pp. 44–45.
- ^ Krout 1908, p. 82.
- ^ Kanahele 2002, pp. 60–61, 69–70.
- ^ a b Cooke & Cooke 1937, p. 342.
- ^ Gregg 1982, p. 553.
- ^ a b Gregg 1982, p. 179.
- ^ Hawaiʻi State Archives (2006). "Loeau marriage record". Marriages – Oahu (1832–1910). Retrieved June 5, 2014 – via Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library.
- ^ Hawaiʻi State Archives (2006). "Loeau divorce record". First Circuit Court. Indexes. Divorces: 1851 to 1908. p. 114. Retrieved June 5, 2014 – via Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library.
- ^ "Mare". Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. Vol. I, no. 56. Honolulu. December 20, 1862. p. 3. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
- ^ McKinzie 1983, p. 42.
- ^ Krout 1908, p. 81.
- ^ "Nu Hou Kuloko". Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. Vol. XII, no. 31. Honolulu. August 2, 1873. p. 2. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
- ^ Kaelemakule, S. L. (August 13, 1873). "He Moolelo no Jane Loeau". Ko Hawaii Ponoi. Vol. I, no. 9. Honolulu. p. 4. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
Bibliography[edit]
- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (1848). The Missionary Herald. Vol. 44. Boston: Press of T. R. Marvin. OCLC 1758344.
- Bingham, Hiram (1855) [1848]. A Residence of Twenty-one Years in the Sandwich Islands (Third ed.). Canadaigua, NY: H. D. Goodwin. OCLC 557953377.
- Cooke, Amos Starr; Cooke, Juliette Montague (1937). Richards, Mary Atherton (ed.). The Chiefs' Children School: A Record Compiled from the Diary and Letters of Amos Starr Cooke and Juliette Montague Cooke, by Their Granddaughter Mary Atherton Richards. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. OCLC 1972890.
- Dibble, Sheldon (1843). History of the Sandwich Islands. Lahainaluna: Press of the Mission Seminary. OCLC 2145112.
- Gilman, Gorham D. (1970). Sharpless, Jean S.; Greer, Richard A. (eds.). "1848 – Honolulu As It Is – Notes for Amplification". The Hawaiian Journal of History. 4. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 105–156. hdl:10524/253. OCLC 60626541.
- Gregg, David L. (1982). King, Pauline (ed.). The Diaries of David Lawrence Gregg: An American Diplomat in Hawaii, 1853–1858. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society. ISBN 9780824808617. OCLC 8773139.
- Kaeo, Peter; Queen Emma (1976). Korn, Alfons L. (ed.). News from Molokai, Letters Between Peter Kaeo & Queen Emma, 1873–1876. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. hdl:10125/39980. ISBN 978-0-8248-0399-5. OCLC 2225064.
- Kanahele, George S. (1999). Emma: Hawaii's Remarkable Queen. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2240-8. OCLC 40890919.
- Kanahele, George S. (2002) [1986]. Pauahi: The Kamehameha Legacy. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press. ISBN 978-0-87336-005-0. OCLC 173653971.
- Kaomea, Julie (2014). "Education for Elimination in Nineteenth-Century Hawaiʻi: Settler Colonialism and the Native Hawaiian Chiefs' Children's Boarding School". History of Education Quarterly. 54 (2). New York: History of Education Society: 123–144. doi:10.1111/hoeq.12054. ISSN 0018-2680. OCLC 5571935029. S2CID 143224034.
- Krout, Mary B. (1908). The Memoirs of Bernice Pauabi Bishop. New York: The Knickerbocker Press. OCLC 4683252.
- Liliuokalani (1898). Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen, Liliuokalani. Boston: Lee and Shepard. ISBN 978-0-548-22265-2. OCLC 2387226.
- McKinzie, Edith Kawelohea (1983). Stagner, Ishmael W. (ed.). Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers. Vol. 1. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-939154-28-5. OCLC 12555087.
- Menton, Linda K. (1981). "The Royal School 1839–1850". Educational Perspectives. The Journal of the University of Hawaii at Mānoa. 20 (3). Honolulu: University of Hawaii: 17–21. hdl:10125/47174. ISSN 0013-1849. OCLC 220851876.
- Van Dyke, Jon M. (2008). Who Owns the Crown Lands of Hawaiʻi?. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-6560-3. OCLC 257449971 – via Project MUSE.
- Wyllie, Robert Crichton (1845). Simmonds, P. L. (ed.). Notes on the Sandwich, Or Hawaiian Islands. London: Simmonds and Ward. pp. 125–139. OCLC 405778069.
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