In Memoriam: President Garfield's Funeral March

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In Memoriam: President Garfield's Funeral March
by John Philip Sousa
Portion of title page of the 2016 publication of "In Memoriam"
Portion of title page of the 2016 publication of "In Memoriam"
Opus132
GenreDirge
OccasionState funeral of James Garfield
Composed1881
Premiere
Performers"The President's Own" United States Marine Band
Audio sample
2015 performance by the United States Marine Band

"In Memoriam: President Garfield's Funeral March" is a funeral dirge composed by John Philip Sousa in 1881, while serving as director of "the President's Own" United States Marine Band, for the state funeral of President of the United States James Garfield. It was debuted during the committal of Garfield's remains and, 51 years later, was performed at Sousa's own funeral by the Marine Band. It is one of only two compositions Sousa dedicated to an American president, the other one being "President Garfield's Inauguration", both of which were made to Garfield.

Garfield's coffin in the United States Capitol rotunda

Background[edit]

On July 2, 1881 at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C., President of the United States James Garfield was shot at close range by Charles J. Guiteau who, upon being apprehended by police, yelled, "Arthur is now President"![1] Garfield, then the third youngest president in American history, died 79 days later in Elberon, New Jersey where he had been taken to recover.[1] The announcement of Garfield's death came as a surprise to the public as news accounts prior to that point had reported he had been recovering satisfactorily.[1]

Both John Philip Sousa and Garfield were members of the same Masonic lodge.[2] While reclining in bed, Sousa heard newspaperboys shouting the news of Garfield's death.[3] Shocked, he left his bed and went for a long walk through Washington.[3] By the next morning he had composed the melody for what would be called "In Memoriam: President Garfield's Funeral March".[3] On returning home, he committed it to paper.[3] "In Memoriam" was one of only two compositions Sousa dedicated to American presidents, the other was "President Garfield's Inauguration March", composed earlier in the year 1881 for the occasion of Garfield's inauguration.[4]

Performances[edit]

"In Memoriam" was performed by "the President's Own" United States Marine Band, under Sousa's direction, as Garfield's body arrived in Washington for the lying in state.[5] The Marine Band's first trip outside of Washington, under Sousa, occurred the following week when it traveled to Cleveland, Ohio for the funeral where the dirge was again performed during funeral rites.[5]

Fifty-one years later, "In Memoriam" was performed for Sousa's own funeral by the Marine Band as his remains were escorted to the Congressional Cemetery for interment.[3][6]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Ackerman, Kenneth (March 2, 2018). "The Garfield Assassination Altered American History, But Is Woefully Forgotten Today". Smithsonian. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  2. ^ Bierley, Paul (1973). John Philip Sousa: American Phenomenon. Alfred Music. pp. 44–45. ISBN 1457449951.
  3. ^ a b c d e ""In Memoriam" (In Memoriam: Garfield's Funeral March)". United States Marine Band. United States Marine Corps. Retrieved June 27, 2018. Sousa was not well acquainted with the President, but he was greatly shaken at the news of his assassination. In the autobiography he tells of hearing paperboys shouting the news of Garfield's death. It was unexpected, because the President had been recovering satisfactorily from the gunshot wound of two months earlier. Shocked, Sousa rose from his bed and went outside for a walk. With the event weighing heavily on his mind he walked all through the night and into the next morning. When he returned home he immediately committed the dirge "In Memoriam" to paper. The dirge was played by the U. S. Marine Band as the President's body was received in Washington and then again at its final resting place in Cleveland. It was afterward played infrequently by the Marine Band until half a century later, when it was played while John Philip Sousa's body was being escorted to the grave in Congressional Cemetery.
  4. ^ "President Garfield's Inauguration March". United States Marine Band. United States Marine Corps. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  5. ^ a b Warfield, Patrick (2013). Making the March King: John Philip Sousa's Washington Years, 1854-1893. University of Illinois Press. pp. 108–109. ISBN 978-0252095078.
  6. ^ "Sousa Buried at Washington". The Morning Call. newspapers.com. Associated Press. March 11, 1932. Retrieved June 28, 2018.(subscription required)
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