HIDEA syndrome

HIDEA syndrome
HIDEA syndrome
	HIDEA syndrome is inherited via an autosomal recessive manner.
Causes	Mutation in P4HTM gene

HIDEA syndrome is a syndrome characterised by hypotonia, hypoventilation, intellectual disability, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities. It is caused by the mutation of the P4HTM gene on chromosome 3.^[1]

Presentation[edit]

This syndrome causes intellectual disability and affects the eyes, musculoskeletal system, and face.

Eyes

Strabismus

Difficulty fixing the eyes on an object

Face

Facial features gradually become coarser during childhood.

Musculoskeletal system

Hypotonia
Planovalgus
Contractures in elbow joints
Interphalangeal joint hypermobility

Other associated features include hypoventilation, obstructive and central sleep apnea and dysautonomia.

Genetics[edit]

This condition is caused by mutations in the Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, transmembrane (P4HTM) gene. This gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p21.3).

The inheritance of this condition is autosomal recessive.

Diagnosis[edit]

The diagnosis may be suspected on clinical grounds.

It is made by sequencing the P4HTM gene.

Management[edit]

There is presently no curative treatment. Management is supportive.

Epidemiology[edit]

The prevalence is not known but this is considered to be a rare disease. Only 12 patients have been reported to date.

History[edit]

This condition was first described in 2014.^[1] The causative mutation was discovered in 2019.^[2]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Kaasinen E, Rahikkala E, Koivunen P, Miettinen S, Wamelink MM, Aavikko M, Palin K, Myllyharju J, Moilanen JS, Pajunen L, Karhu A, Aaltonen LA (2019) Clinical characterization, genetic mapping and whole-genome sequence analysis of a novel autosomal recessive intellectual disability syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 57(10):543-551
^ Rahikkala E, Myllykoski M, Hinttala R, Vieira P, Nayebzadeh N, Weiss S, Plomp A, Bittner RE, Kurki MI, Kuismin O, Lewis AM, Väisänen ML, Kokkonen H, Westermann J, Bernert G, Tuominen H, Palotie A, Aaltonen L, Yang Y, Potocki L, Moilanen J, van Koningsbruggen S, Wang X, Schmidt WM, Koivunen P, Uusimaa J (2019) Biallelic loss-of-function P4HTM gene variants cause hypotonia, hypoventilation, intellectual disability, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities (HIDEA syndrome). Genet Med

[Kaasinen2019-1] Kaasinen E, Rahikkala E, Koivunen P, Miettinen S, Wamelink MM, Aavikko M, Palin K, Myllyharju J, Moilanen JS, Pajunen L, Karhu A, Aaltonen LA (2019) Clinical characterization, genetic mapping and whole-genome sequence analysis of a novel autosomal recessive intellectual disability syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 57(10):543-551

[Rahikkala2019-2] Rahikkala E, Myllykoski M, Hinttala R, Vieira P, Nayebzadeh N, Weiss S, Plomp A, Bittner RE, Kurki MI, Kuismin O, Lewis AM, Väisänen ML, Kokkonen H, Westermann J, Bernert G, Tuominen H, Palotie A, Aaltonen L, Yang Y, Potocki L, Moilanen J, van Koningsbruggen S, Wang X, Schmidt WM, Koivunen P, Uusimaa J (2019) Biallelic loss-of-function P4HTM gene variants cause hypotonia, hypoventilation, intellectual disability, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities (HIDEA syndrome). Genet Med

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