Green Hill, New Zealand
| Green Hill | |
|---|---|
| Mātanginui, Greenmount | |
 Aerial view of Green Hill in 1949, before the majority of quarrying had been undertaken. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 78 m (256 ft) |
| Coordinates | 36°56′24″S 174°53′54″E / 36.939911°S 174.898267°E |
| Geography | |
.png)  Green Hill East Tāmaki, Auckland, New Zealand | |
| Geology | |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Auckland volcanic field |
Green Hill (also known as Mātanginui or Greenmount) is one of the volcanoes in the Auckland volcanic field, located in the suburb of East Tāmaki. It erupted approximately 20,000 years ago,[1] and its scoria cone had a peak 78 metres above sea level (around 48 m higher than the surrounding land) and had a grove of karaka trees. The hill was the site of a Ngāi Tai iwi pā.
History[edit]
Green Hill, known as Mātanginui, was a traditional settlement for Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki,[2] the name either being translated as "The Pā Taken with Much Crying" or "Big Breeze".[3][4] The site was visited by early ancestor Toi-te-huatahi, where he planted a grove of karaka trees.[5][6] By the 16th century, the surrounding area became extensive stonefield gardens due to its productive volcanic soil,[7][8] and a defensive pā was constructed at the peak of the hill.[9] Mātanginui was occupied by Ngāi Tai until the early 19th century.[2]
Green Hill and the surround areas area was farmed by the Styak family. The name recalls Mrs Styak's home at Randalstown in Northern Ireland, which was called Green Bank.[10] Quarrying of the hill began around 1870.[3] Green Hill and nearby Otara Hill were together referred to as Bessy Bell and Mary Gray after an old Scottish ballad.
The hill remained in the hands of the Styak family, until 1932 when Sarah Jane Lushington (née Styak) gifted 40 hectares of land to the Manukau County Council, to create a public park and recreation ground called Styak-Lushington Park. Instead of creating a park, the council leased the land for farming and quarrying.[11][12] By the 1960s, the hill had almost been entirely quarried.
The council began using a small section of the site as a landfill, and in 1979 the entire former quarry site was leased as a landfill.[12] By 1992, methane gas from the landfill was being collected and used to power a gas power plant at the site.[13] In 2005, the landfill was closed, and from 2006 to 2016 work was undertaken to restore the site using clean fill to recreate a hill.[12]
The site is planned to be redeveloped into an urban park, with a 70 metre-high flat-topped grass hill.[14][15]
Gallery[edit]
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Basalt dry-stone wall with former site of Green Hill in distance -
Aerial view of the site of Green Hill in 1964, during quarrying -
Aerial view of the site of Green Hill in 2009, after being quarried and used as a landfill
References[edit]
- ^ Hopkins, Jenni L.; Smid, Elaine R.; Eccles, Jennifer D.; Hayes, Josh L.; Hayward, Bruce W.; McGee, Lucy E.; van Wijk, Kasper; Wilson, Thomas M.; Cronin, Shane J.; Leonard, Graham S.; Lindsay, Jan M.; Németh, Karoly; Smith, Ian E. M. (3 July 2021). "Auckland Volcanic Field magmatism, volcanism, and hazard: a review". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 64 (2–3): 213–234. doi:10.1080/00288306.2020.1736102. hdl:2292/51323.
- ^ a b Green, Nat (2010). Ōtau: a Ngāi Tai Cultural Heritage Assessment of Clevedon Village, Wairoa Valley (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ a b Clark, Jennifer A. 2002, pp. 8.
- ^ Low, Jen; Macready, Sarah; Clough-Macready, Tom (January 2022). 121 Murphys Road, Flat Bush, Auckland: Preliminary Archaeological Assessment (PDF) (Report). Clough & Associates Ltd. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ Graham, George (1951). "Tainui". Journal of the Polynesian Society. 60 (1): 90.
- ^ Jones, Pei Te Hurinui – Nga Iwi o Tainui – Auckland, 1995 (Ed. Bruce Biggs), p.40
- ^ Cruickshank, Arden (9 December 2022). Airport to Botany Assessment of Archaeological Effects (PDF) (Report). Waka Kotahi, Auckland Council. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ Clark, Jennifer A. 2002, pp. 161.
- ^ Bulmer, Susan (March 1994). Sources for the Archaeology of the Maaori Settlement of the Taamaki Volcanic District (PDF) (Report). Wellington: Department of Conservation. p. 39-41. ISBN 0-478-01552-6.
- ^ La Roche, Alan (2011). A History of Botany (Report). Auckland City Council. p. 8.
- ^ "Landowner's gift languishing as landfill 80 years after bequest". The New Zealand Herald. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ a b c "Help us return the former Greenmount Landfill to a park" (PDF). Howick Local Board. 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ Cole, Bruce; McBurney, Ian; Sinclair, Bill (1992). "Auckland Lights Up to Garbage". New Zealand Engineering. 47 (6): 18–19. ISSN 0028-808X.
- ^ OurAuckland (15 December 2016). "Final load of topsoil for enormous Tāmaki park". Auckland Council. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ Shaikh, Tarannum (20 December 2016). "Dump reverts to public park after decades". Stuff. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
Bibliography[edit]
- Clark, Jennifer A. (2002). East Tamaki: Including the Adjoining Areas of Flat Bush and Otara. Papatoetoe Historical Society. ISBN 0-473-09058-9. OCLC 156099387. Wikidata Q120020174.
Further reading[edit]
- City of Volcanoes: A geology of Auckland - Searle, Ernest J.; revised by Mayhill, R.D.; Longman Paul, 1981. First published 1964. ISBN 0-582-71784-1.
- Volcanoes of Auckland: A Field Guide. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, 335 pp. ISBN 0-582-71784-1.
