Elizabeth, Countess de Gramont

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Elizabeth Hamilton
Comtesse de Gramont
Sir Peter Lely (1618-80) - Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Gramont (1641-1708) - RCIN 404960 - Royal Collection.jpg
Detail from portrait below
Tenure1678–1708
BornElizabeth Hamilton
1641
Died3 June 1708
Paris
Spouse(s)Philibert, comte de Gramont
Issue
Detail		Claude Charlotte & Marie Élisabeth
FatherGeorge Hamilton, Baronet
MotherMary Butler

Elizabeth, comtesse de Gramont (née Hamilton; 1641–1708), was an Irish-born courtier, first after the Restoration at the court of Charles II of England in Whitehall and later, after her marriage to Philibert de Gramont, at the court of Louis XIV where she was a lady-in-waiting to the French queen, Maria Theresa of Spain.

Known as "la belle Hamilton", she was one of the Windsor Beauties painted by Peter Lely. She appears prominently in the Mémoires du comte de Grammont, written by her brother Anthony.

Birth and origins[edit]

Family tree
Elizabeth Hamilton with husband, children, parents, and other selected relatives.[a]
James
Hamilton
1st Earl
1575–1618		Marion
Boyd
d. 1632
Recusant		Thomas
Butler
Viscount
Thurles
d. 1619
Claud
2nd Baron
H. of
Strabane
d. 1638		George
1st Baronet
Donalong
c. 1607 – 1679		Mary
Butler
d. 1680		James
1st Duke
Ormond
1610–1688
James
c. 1630 – 1673
Courtier		Philibert
de
Gramont
1621–1707		Elizabeth
1641–1708		Anthony
c. 1645 – 1719
Writer
Henry
1st Earl
Stafford
c. 1648 – 1719		Claude
Charlotte
d. 1739		Marie
Elizabeth
1667–1729
Abbess
Legend
XXXSubject of
the article		XXXEarls of
Abercorn		XXXDukes of
Ormond

Elizabeth was born in 1641,[1] in Ireland,[2] probably at Nenagh (/ˈniːnæ/)[3], County Tipperary.[b] She was the third child of George Hamilton and his wife Mary Butler.[8] Her father was Scottish, the fourth son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, and would in 1660 be created baronet of Donalong and Nenagh.[9]

Her mother, Mary, was the third daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles, and a sister of the future 1st Duke of Ormond.[9] Her mother's family, the Butler dynasty, was Old English.[10]

Both her parents were Catholic. They had married in 1635.[11] Elizabeth was one of nine siblings.[8] See James, George, Anthony, Richard, and John.[c]

In 1640 Ormond granted Elizabeth's father the manor, castle, town, and lands of Nenagh for 31 years, in lieu of the still unpaid dowry.[12] Nenagh was therefore where the family settled down and where Elizabeth was born.

Irish wars[edit]

The Irish Rebellion of 1641 broke out in the year of her birth. The rebellion was followed by the Irish Confederate Wars (1642–1648) and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649-1653). Elizabeth, her siblings and her mother seem to have lived in the family's home in Nenagh, in the territory held by the Confederates, while her father served Ormond[13] in the Irish army which fought against the Confederates until the Cessation signed in 1643.[14]

However, in September 1646 Rinuccini, the papal nuncio, overthrew the Confederate Supreme Council in a coup d'état with help of Owen Roe O'Neill's Confederate Ulster Army. O'Neill led his army south to Kilkenny, the Confederate capital, where he arrived the 16th. Rinuccini then took power appointing a new Supreme Council the 26th.[15] In the meantime, on the 17th, Ulster troops sacked Roscrea. The ulstermen had a reputation for living off the inhabitants, even friendly ones.[16] Carte (1736) reports that "Sir G. Hamilton's lady, sister to the marquis of Ormond"[17] was spared at Roscrea.[18] However, it is more likely that Elizabeth, her mother, and siblings were safely at Nenagh (30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Roscrea) and that the Lady Hamilton at Roscrea was his grandaunt, the wife of George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea, not her mother.[19]

In 1649, during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, her father was colonel of an infantry regiment and governor of Nenagh.[20] He defended Nenagh Castle in November 1650 when it was attacked and captured by the Parliamentarian army under Henry Ireton on the way back from their unsuccessful siege of Limerick to their winter quarters at Kilkenny.[21]

French exile[edit]

Early in 1651, when she was about ten, her father followed Ormond into French exile.[22] The family first went to Caen[23] where they were accommodated for some time by Elizabeth Preston, the Marchioness of Ormond.[24] Her father and her elder brothers, James and George, were soon employed by Charles II in various functions.[25][26] She then left for Paris with her mother, who would find shelter in the convent of the Feuillantines, together with her sister Eleanor Butler, Lady Muskerry,[27] while she was sent to boarding school at the abbey of Cistercian nuns of Port-Royal-des-Champs, near Versailles. This school had an excellent reputation and was ahead of its time by teaching in French rather than in Latin. She attended this school for seven or eight years, together with her cousin Helen Muskerry.[28][29] The abbey also was a stronghold of Jansenism, a Catholic religious movement that insisted on earnestness and asceticism but which was later declared heretic for its position on grace and original sin.[30]

Having left school, she was associated with the court in exile of Henrietta Maria, the dowager queen, Charles I's widow, who had fled to France in 1644 and had in 1657 moved to the Château de Colombes, near Paris.[31] In March 1660 she met Sir John Reresby at the celebration of the Restoration organised by Henrietta Maria at the Palais-Royal in Paris.[32]

Whitehall[edit]

She became a member of the English court at Whitehall in 1661. She was admired as a great beauty and called "la belle Hamilton".[33] She also became known for her judgement, charm and sensibility. She was seen as witty and careful with her words as she, reportedly, said no more than she thought.[34] She also loved practical jokes and mischief. So she made fun of Margaret Bourke, a rich heiress, whom her cousin Lord Muskerry had married, by making her believe that she had been invited to a masquerade by the Queen and had to disguise herself as a Babylonian woman. This episode is told in the Mémoires du comte de Grammont.[35]

Portrait by Peter Lely, c. 1663, one of the series of Windsor Beauties.[36] She is depicted as Saint Catherine as she holds a martyr's palm leaf in her left hand and a wheel leans against the socle of the column behind.

She was much courted at Whitehall. First of all by the Duke of Richmond whom she rejected when she found out that he would not marry her without a dowry.[37] She also resisted the advances of Henry Jermyn, 1st Baron Dover, though reputed irresistible.[38] She was not tempted by the thirty thousand per year of the heir of Norfolk.[39] She rejected Charles Berkeley, 1st Earl of Falmouth.[40] When courted by the Duke of York, the future King James II,[41] she doubted the sincerity of his intentions as he had just married Anne Hyde in 1660.[42]

Finally, in January 1663, appeared on the scene Philibert, chevalier de Gramont, a French exile.[43][44] He was already in his forties and a younger half-brother of Antoine III, duc de Gramont. He had got into trouble at the French court by courting Mademoiselle Anne-Lucie de la Mothe-Houdancourt, on whom Louis XIV had set his eyes.[45][46][d]

De Gramont quickly entered the English court's inner circle. Not much adaptation was needed as French was the predominant language at the Restoration court.[48] Elizabeth admired his wit and gallantry and fell in love with him.

Marriage and children[edit]

Philibert married her in London late in 1663 or early in 1664.[49][50][51] In March 1664, having heard of his marriage, Louis XIV wrote him a letter giving him permission to return.[52] The couple had a son on 28 August old style, but he died as an infant.[53][54][55]

A famous anecdote is told about her marriage, which reverts the order of events by placing the marriage, which was according to this tale forced on de Gramont by her brothers, after the permission to return. It goes as follows:

When in 1664 he was allowed to return to France, he left in haste, giving the impression that he would not honour his commitments. Her brothers George and Anthony, therefore, pursued and intercepted him on his way to Dover and pressured him to return and marry her.[56] They asked him whether he had not forgotten something in London. He replied "Pardonnez-moi, messieurs, j'ai oublié d'épouser votre sœur." (Forgive me, Sirs, I have forgotten to marry your sister).[57][58][59] He turned around, went back to London, and dutifully married her.[60]

The story is partly proven wrong since he married her before Louis allowed him to come back, but it could well be true that a bit of pressure from her brothers was needed. It has been said that this incident suggested to Molière his comedy Le mariage forcé, first presented on 29 January 1664,[61] but this idea clashes with the known dates.

Elizabeth and Philibert had two daughters:[62]

  1. Claude Charlotte (c. 1665 – 1739), married Henry Stafford-Howard, 1st Earl of Stafford.[63][64]
  2. Marie Élisabeth (1667–1729), became abbess in 1695 of the Chapter of Poussay [fr] in Lorraine.[65][66][67]

Both were maids-of-honour to Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, after she became the Grande Dauphine by marrying the Grand Dauphin in 1680.[68][69] The marriage of the elder daughter was childless and the younger was a nun. Philibert's cadet branch of the house of Gramont, therefore, ended here.

At the French court[edit]

She went with her husband to France[70] and was appointed in 1667 dame du palais or lady-in-waiting to the French Queen, Maria Theresa of Spain.[71] At that time the French court was seated at the Louvre in Paris, not yet at Versailles. At the court she was recognised as a woman of considerable wit and beauty.[72] She also knew how to hold her own at the court of Louis XIV, being said to have "beak and claws".[73] Her husband nevertheless pursued his gallant exploits to the close of a long life, being, said Ninon de l'Enclos, the only old man who could affect the follies of youth without being ridiculous.[74]

Engraving by Edward Scriven 1810, after Peter Lely.

In 1679, at the death of his elder brother Henri, who had appointed him his heir,[75] her husband became comte de Toulongeon. He did not want to change his name to Toulongeon, but changed it from chevalier de Gramont to comte de Gramont. She was henceforth known as the comtesse de Gramont.

In 1679 she was pointed out as a client of La Voisin, and was thereby incriminated in the affaire des poisons. However, no action was taken against her. In May 1682 the French court moved its seat from the Louvre to the Palace of Versailles.[76] In 1683 she lost her appointment as lady-in-waiting due to the queen's death. In 1684 Fénelon became a spiritual guide to her.[77] In May 1690 the King assigned her an apartment in the Palace of Versailles that had been freed by the death of Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, the Dauphin's tutor.[78]

On 6 April 1694 N.S. her daughter Claude Charlotte, aged 29, married Henry Stafford-Howard, 1st Earl of Stafford, aged 46, who had fled to France with James II. The marriage was held at Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[79] She thus became Lady Stafford. He had been made Earl Stafford by James II on 5 October 1688 and had, at the same time, changed his name from Howard to Stafford-Howard.[80] As the earldom was created before James II's flight, it was a valid English peerage and not a Jacobite one. The marriage would remain childless and was not happy.

In 1696, her husband fell gravely ill, and after he recovered, he followed her example and turned to devotion.[81] In 1699, she fell into disgrace because of a visit she had paid to the abbey of Port-Royal-des-Champs.[82] The king disliked the Jansenists. She had to beg his pardon.[83]

In May 1703, when she was 61, Louis XIV lent her a house near the end of the Gardens of Versailles, called Les Moulineaux,[84][85][86][e] which she renamed Pontalie.[87] This name is explained in the story "Le Bélier", written by her brother Anthony, who derives it from "pont d'Alie" (Alie's bridge), Alie being the daughter of a druid who marries a Prince of Noisy (after nearby Noisy-le-Roi) in the story.[88]

Death and timeline[edit]

Her husband died on 31 January 1707 in Paris.[89] She died about a year later on 3 June 1708, also in Paris.[90][91]

Timeline
Dates before she left for France in 1665 are in O.S.. Thereafter they are in N.S. Italics for historical background.
Age Date Event
0 1641 Born, probably at Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland[1]
4–5 17 Sep 1646 Ulster Army captured Roscrea[92]
5–6 28 Jul 1647 Ormond abandoned Dublin to the Parliamentarians.[93]
6–7 29 Sep 1648 Ormond returned to Ireland landing at Cork.[94]
7–8 30 Jan 1649 King Charles I beheaded[95]
7–8 2 Aug 1649 Battle of Rathmines. Michael Jones defeated Ormond before Dublin.[96]
8–9 Oct 1650 Father defended Nenagh Castle against the Parliamentarians.[21]
9–10 Early in 1651 Taken to France by her parents[23]
9–10 7 Sep 1651 Majority of Louis XIV, end of his mother’s regency.][97]
10–11 About 1652 Started going to school at Port-Royal-des-Champs[28]
18–19 1660 or 1661 Came to live at the court of Charles II of England at Whitehall
21–22 1663 or 1664 Married Philibert, chevalier de Gramont[50]
22–23 28 Aug 1664 Birth of a son who died in his infancy[53]
23–24 About 1665 Birth of first daughter Claude Charlotte[64]
25–26 Feb 1667 Appointed lady-in-waiting to the French queen, Maria Theresa of Spain.[71]
25–26 27 Dec 1667 Birth of second daughter, Marie Elisabeth[65]
40–41 May 1682 The court moved its seat from the Louvre to Versailles.[76]
48–49 May 1690 Louis XIV gave her an apartment in the Palace of Versailles.[78]
52–53 3 Apr 1694 Daughter Claude Charlotte married Henry Stafford.[63]
53–54 6 Jan 1695 Daughter Marie-Elisabeth became the abbess of the Chapter of Poussay.[67]
57–58 1699 Fell temporarily in royal displeasure because she visited Port-Royal-des-Champs[82]
61–62 May 1703 Louis XIV lent her a house near the end of the park of Versailles.[84]
65–66 31 Jan 1707 Husband died in Paris.[89]
66–67 3 Jun 1708 Died in Paris[91]

Notes and references[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ This family tree is partly derived from the Abercorn pedigree pictured in Cokayne.[98] Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.
  2. ^ Manning (2001) and Gleeson (1947) say that she and her Irish-born siblings such as Anthony might have been born at Nenagh.[4][5] However, others give Roscrea as her place of birth.[6][7]
  3. ^ Elizabeth's father's article gives a list of all the nine siblings.
  4. ^ The girl courted by Louis XIV and Philibert de Gramont in 1662 was Anne-Lucie de La Motte-Houdancourt, who would marry René-François de La Vieuville [fr] in 1676. Walpole, when translating the Mémoires du comte de Gramont into English, confused her with Anne-Madeleine de Conty d'Argencourt, who had been a lesser mistress of Louis XIV four years earlier, in 1658.[47] Cyril Hughes Hartmann repeats this error.[46]
  5. ^ Her house Les Moulineaux is today located on the Chemin de la Ferme des Moulineaux in the Commune of Bailly in the Yvelines department, not at Meudon as Corp says.

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ a b Rigg 1890, p. 146, left column. "... [Elizabeth] was born in 1641."
  2. ^ Corp 2004b, p. 786, left column. "She was probably born in Ireland in 1641 ..."
  3. ^ Merriam-Webster 1997, p. 799, right column. Transliterated from the book's own SAMPA, "\'nē-nä\"
  4. ^ Manning 2001, p. 149, line 4. "Gleeson adds that Anthony's father was also governor of Nenagh Castle for his brother-in-law and that Anthony might have been born there."
  5. ^ Gleeson 1947, p. 102. cited in Manning (2001) p. 147
  6. ^ Ó Ciardha 2009, 1st paragraph, 1st sentence. "Hamilton, Elizabeth (‘La Belle Hamilton’) (c.1640–1708), countess of Grammont, courtier , was born at Roscrea, Co. Tipperary ..."
  7. ^ Ó Ciardha 2009, 1st paragraph, 1st sentence. "Hamilton, Elizabeth (‘La Belle Hamilton’) (c.1640–1708), countess of Grammont, courtier , was born at Roscrea, Co. Tipperary ..."
  8. ^ a b Debrett 1828, p. 63, line 20. "He [George Hamilton] m. [married] Mary, 3d daughter of Thomas, Viscount Thurles, son of Walter, 11th earl of Ormond and sister of James, duke of Ormond, and had issue 6 sons and 3 daughters ..."
  9. ^ a b Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 33. "4. George (Sir) Bart. of Donalong, co. Tyrone, and Nenagh, co. Tipperary, created a baronet of Scotland, about 1660;"
  10. ^ Cokayne 1889, p. 94. "1. Theobald Walter ... accompanied in 1185 John, Count of Mortaigue, Lord of Ireland ... into Ireland."
  11. ^ Manning 2001, p. 150, bottom. "... February 28th, 1635 regarding the marriage intended between Hamilton and Mary Butler, sister of the earl, which was to take place before the last day of April [1635]."
  12. ^ Manning 2001, p. 150. "... of the manor, castle, town and lands of Nenagh for 31 years."
  13. ^ Perceval-Maxwell 2009, Paragraph 8. "... on 9 February 1640 he gave Ormond authority to appoint officers to the Irish army, and in September made him lieutenant-general."
  14. ^ Airy 1886, p. 54, right column. "... and the cessation was signed on the 15 Sept. [1643]."
  15. ^ Carte 1851, p. 266. "... on the 26th [September 1646] by a solemn decree [Rinuccini] appointed a new council consisting of four bishops and eight laymen ..."
  16. ^ Coffey 1914, p. 182, line 3. "... the Ulster army quartering in Leinster much injured that province ..."
  17. ^ Carte 1851, p. 265. "... after taking Roscrea on Sept. 17, and putting man, woman, and child to the sword, except sir G. Hamilton's lady, sister to the marquis of Ormond ..."
  18. ^ Sergeant 1913, p. 145, line 21. "For some reason, when the rebel leader Owen O'Neill took Roscrea, Tipperary, the home of the Hamiltons, in September 1646, and put the inhabitants to the sword, he spared Lady Hamilton and her young children—to which act of clemency we owe, incidentally, the Memoirs of Gramont, Anthony then but newly born."
  19. ^ Manning 2001, p. 149, line 6. "... there were two George Hamiltons, one being the nephew of the other. The older couple olived at Roscrea Castle and the younger couple, the parents of Anthony Hamilton were at Nenagh."
  20. ^ Cokayne 1903, p. 305. "... he was Col. of Foot and Gov. of Nenagh castle"
  21. ^ a b Warner 1768, p. 228. "... taking Nenagh and two other castles, on the tenth of November, he came to his winter quarters at Kilkenny."
  22. ^ Clark 1921, p. 5. "In the spring of 1651 took place, at last, the event which had such a determining influence on the fate of the young Hamiltons. Sir George Hamilton left his country for France with his family ..."
  23. ^ a b Millar 1890, p. 177, left column. "Marquis of Ormonde, whom he followed to Caen in the spring of 1651 with his wife and family."
  24. ^ Carte 1851, p. 384. "The marchioness of Ormond had landed in that country on June 23d [1648], with her three sons and two daughters, and had taken up her residence at Caen"
  25. ^ Clark 1921, p. 8, line 14. "... James the eldest also joined the wandering court, though the precise nature of his connexion is not known."
  26. ^ Clark 1921, p. 8, line 13. "... George, the second son, was made a page to Charles II ..."
  27. ^ Clark 1921, p. 8, line 27. "... his [Anthony Hamilton's] mother and his aunt, Lady Muskerry, had apartments at the couvent des Feuillantines in Paris ..."
  28. ^ a b Clark 1921, p. 8, line 16. "Elizabeth was sent with her cousin Helen, Lady Muskerry's daughter, to Port-Royal, where, as she herself was not ashamed to relate many years afterwards, the daughter of a penniless refugee, was charitably received and sheltered during seven or eight years."
  29. ^ Sainte-Beuve 1878, p. 107. "Mesdemoiselles Hamilton et Muskry furent mises à Port-Royal; elles durent y être dès avant 1655."
  30. ^ Pope Alexander VII 1665, pp. 15–16. "C'est dans cette vûë que nous tâchâmes dès la seconde année de notre Pontificat, d'achever de détruire par une Constitution expresse que nous publiâmes à ce dessein, l'heresie de Cornelius Jansenius qui se glissoit principalement en France ..."
  31. ^ Britland 2011, p. 138. "In 1657, with money that had been made available to her by the French queen regent, she purchased a country house in the village of Colombes, north of Paris ... The house had belonged to Basile Fouquet, the brother of the notorious Nicolas Fouquet, surintendant of Louis XIV's finances ..."
  32. ^ Clark 1921, p. 21. "In Paris, when she had scarcely left school, she had become one of the attractions of the Queen-Mother's court at the Palais Royal and made a deep impression there on Sir John Reresby, who described her as the finest woman in the world and thought seriously of marrying her."
  33. ^ Corp 2004a, p. 786, line 1 of the entry. "called "La Belle Hamilton""
  34. ^ Adams 1865, p. 68. "Her mind was a proper companion for such a form; she did not endeavour to shine in conversation by those sprightly sallies which only puzzle ..."
  35. ^ Hamilton 1930, pp. 120–132.
  36. ^ Cunningham 1865, p. 8. "9. Countess Grammont (La Belle Hamilton)"
  37. ^ Melville 1928, p. 111. "the duke of Richmond was one of the first to come forward. He was a gambler and a sot; but he was well and truly enamoured."
  38. ^ Melville 1928, p. 112, line 1. "Miss Hamilton could and did resist the advances of the almost irresistible Henry Jermyn, famous for his conquests."
  39. ^ Melville 1928, p. 112, line 5. "Not himself, nor the prospective dukedom, nor his thirty thousand a year, tempted her."
  40. ^ Melville 1928, p. 112, line 8. "Berkeley, afterwards Earl of Falmouth, wealthy and attractive in person, though dissipated, a boon companion of the King and of the Duke of York ..."
  41. ^ Adams 1865, p. 70. "The highest in rank and the most important of her lovers was the Duke Of York, who had been captivated by a glance at her portrait in Lely's studio."
  42. ^ Ward 1892, p. 183. "...  soon after the acknowledgement of his marriage to Anne Hyde (concluded 3 Sep. 1660) he engaged in new inconstancies ..."
  43. ^ Saint-Simon 1899, p. 560. "Il arriva à Londres le 15 janvier 1663, et retrouva entre autres camarades, les Hamilton, de grande maison écossaise et catholique, dont il avait fréquenté plusieurs jeunes gens au Louvre dans l'entourage de la veuve et du fils de Charles 1er."
  44. ^ Auger 1805, p. 2. "Près de deux ans après le rétablissement de Charles II, arriva à Londres le fameux chevalier de Grammont, exilé de France ..."
  45. ^ Hamilton 1713, p. 104. "La Motte Houdancourt étoit une des filles de la Reine-Mère."
  46. ^ a b Hartmann 1924, p. 58. "Gramont was thoroughly competent to speak on such a matter, seen that his own presence in England was due to the fact that he had been misguided enough to make advances to Mademoiselle La Motte Argencourt, with whom his own master, Louis XIV, was also enamoured."
  47. ^ Hamilton 1888, p. 107. "La Motte-Agencourt was one of maids of honour of the queen dowager ..."
  48. ^ Auger 1805, p. 2, line 25. "... enfin on parloit françois à St.-James presqu'aussi habituellement qu'à Versailles."
  49. ^ Hartmann 1930, p. 378. "The chevalier de Gramont's rare constancy had met with its reward long before, towards the end of December 1663."
  50. ^ a b Paul 1904, p. 55. "she [Elizabeth] married in 1664 the dissipated Philibert, Count de Gramont ..."
  51. ^ Saint-Simon 1899, p. 563, line 8. "Le contrat de mariage fut passé sans autre retard, le 9 décembre 1663 (style anglais) ..."
  52. ^ Louis XIV 1806, p. 170. "Au comte de Grammont. Paris le 6 mars 1664. Monsieur le Comte de Grammont. Il ne faut point que l'impatience de vous rendre auprès de moi, trouble vos nouvelles douceurs. Vous serez toujours le bien-venu ..."
  53. ^ a b Saint-Simon 1899, p. 563, line 11. "... ayant déjà un fils né le 7 septembre, mais qui ne vécut point."
  54. ^ Brunet 1883, p. xii. "Comminges à Lionne, Londres, 29 août — 8 septembre 1664. Madame la comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un fils beau comme la mère ..."
  55. ^ Jusserand 1892, p. 229. "Comminges to Lionne Sept. 8, 1664 [NS]. Madame la comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un fils beau comme la mère ..."
  56. ^ Adams 1865, p. 81, line 18. "Her brothers immediately pursued him and came up with him near Dover, resolved to extort from him an explanation, or to obtain satisfaction with their swords ..."
  57. ^ Auger 1805, p. 3. "Chevalier de Grammont, lui crièrent-ils du plus loin qu'ils l'aperçurent chevalier de Grammont avez-vous rien oublié à Londres? — Pardonnez-moi, Messieurs, j'ai oublié d'épouser votre sœur."
  58. ^ Michel 1862, p. 368. "... lui dirent en l'abordant 'Chevalier de Grammont, n'avez-vous rien oublié à Londres?'—'Pardonnez-moi, messieurs, j'ai oublié d'épouser votre soeur.'"
  59. ^ Adams 1865, p. 81, line 24. "'Excuse me' he rejoined, with his accustomed self-possession, 'I forgot to marry your sister.'"
  60. ^ Wheatley 1907–1921, https://www.bartleby.com/218/1018.html. "Note 15: This well known story is told in a letter from Lord Melfort to Richard Hamilton ..."
  61. ^ Adams 1865, p. 81, footnote. "This incident, we are told, suggested to Molière his comedy 'Le Marriage Forcé.'"
  62. ^ Saint-Simon 1902, p. 502, line 1. "Les deux filles de la comtesse de Gramont n'ont pas prospéré, avec l'esprit de deux demons, méchantes et galantes à l'avenant, quoique fort laides ..."
  63. ^ a b Rigg 1890, p. 147, left column. "They had two daughters only: (i) Claude Charlotte, who married at St. Germains on 3 April 1694 Henry Howard, earl of Stafford,..."
  64. ^ a b Corp 2004a, p. 787. "The Count and Countess de Gramont had two daughters: Claude-Charlotte (b. c. 1665) and ..."
  65. ^ a b Paul 1904, p. 56. "Marie Elizabeth de Gramont, born 27 December 1667, abbesse de St Marine of Poussay in Lorraine."
  66. ^ Saint-Simon 1902, p. 502, line 4. "L’aînée, pour faire une fin, se fit abbesse de Poussay, qui est un chapitre en Lorraine ..."
  67. ^ a b Gaspard 1871, p. 42. "Marie-Elisabeth de Grammont fut élue le 6 janvier 1695, les bulles sont du 9 de novembre de la même année. Elle est fille de Philibert, comte de Grammont, vicomte d'Aster, commandeur des ordres du roi, et d'Elisabeth d'Hamilton d'Albercorne."
  68. ^ Michel 1862, p. 407. "qui avaient été filles d'honneur de la Dauphine de Bavière ..."
  69. ^ Dangeau 1854a, p. 228. "Le roi a accordé à madame la comtesse de Grammont pour sa seconde fille ... la place de fille d'honneur de Madame la Dauphine ..."
  70. ^ Adams 1865, p. 82, line 1. "After the birth of their first child, in 1669, they repaired to France."
  71. ^ a b Saint-Simon 1899, p. 563, line 12. "... qui, en fevrier 1667, donna à Mme de Gramont une septième place de dame du palais ..."
  72. ^ Saint-Simon 1902, p. 501. "La comtesse de Gramont avait l'air d'une reine ..."
  73. ^ Saint-Simon 1895, p. 110, line 12. "... ayant bec et ongles ..."
  74. ^ Coulanges & L'Enclos 1823, p. 216. "C'est le seul vieillard qui ne soit pas ridicule à la cour."
  75. ^ La Chesnaye des Bois 1866, p. 642, line 5. "Le comte de Toulongeon, son frère, l'institua pour héritier par son testament ..."
  76. ^ a b Cangioli 1981, p. 6, right column. "... in May 1682, the king, his ministers and the entire court moved into the new palace."
  77. ^ Corp 2004a, p. 786, right column. "The following year Fénelon became her spiritual director ..."
  78. ^ a b Dangeau 1854b, p. 129. "Nous apprenons à Versailles que le roi a donné l'appartement qu'avoit M. de Montausier à madame la comtesse de Gramont."
  79. ^ La Chesnaye des Bois 1866, p. 642. "Claude Charlotte, mariée, le 6 Avril 1694, à Henri Howard, comte de Stafford ..."
  80. ^ Cokayne 1896, p. 216. "The Hon. Stafford-Howard, formerly Howard, 1st son of the above, b. [born] 1658, was cr. [created] 5 October 1688 ... Earl of Stafford ..."
  81. ^ Adams 1865, p. 83. "... following the example of his wife devoted him to religious duties."
  82. ^ a b Saint-Simon 1895, p. 112, line 4. "... elle osa s'enfermer à Port-Royal toute une octave de la Fête-Dieu. Son absence fit un vuide qui importuna le Roi ..."
  83. ^ Saint-Simon 1895, p. 112, line 8. "... il en fallut venir aux excuses et aux pardons ..."
  84. ^ a b Corp 2004c, p. 217. "In May 1703 Louis XIV gave Hamilton's sister the use during her lifetime of a house near Meudon called 'Les Moulineaux'. In the five years until her death in June 1708 it was much frequented and became the centre of [Anthony] Hamilton's social world."
  85. ^ Clark 1921, p. 122. "When Félix, the chief-surgeon, died in 1703, a small property of his, les Moulineaux, which lay within the grounds of Versailles, fell vacant and the king at once gave it to Madame de Gramont, a present which caused no little talk ..."
  86. ^ Saint-Simon 1895, p. 108. "Felix avoit eu pour sa vie une petite maison dans le parc de Versailles, au bout du canal où aboutissoient toutes les eaux;"
  87. ^ Saint-Simon 1895, p. 112, line 23. "Le présent des Moulineaux, cette petite maison revenu à la disposition du Roi par la mort de Félix, qu'elle appela Pontalie, fit du bruit ..."
  88. ^ Hamilton 1805, p. 282. "Ce lieu qui s'appelait autrefois Pont d'Alie ..."
  89. ^ a b Dangeau 1857a, p. 293. "Le comte de Gramont mourut à Paris la nuit passée."
  90. ^ Dangeau 1857b, p. 150. "June 1708. Dimanche 3 ... La comtesse de Gramont mourut à Paris."
  91. ^ a b Paul 1904, p. 56, line 7. "... she [Elizabeth Hamilton] died, 3 June 1708, aged sixty-seven."
  92. ^ Carte 1851, p. 265, line 27. "... after taking Roscrea on Sept. 17, and putting man, woman, and child to the sword, except sir G. Hamilton's lady, sister to the marquis of Ormond ..."
  93. ^ Airy 1886, p. 56, left column, line 29. "On the 28th [July 1647] Ormonde delivered up the regalia and sailed for England, landing at Bristol on 2 Aug."
  94. ^ Airy 1886, p. 56, left column, line 50. "... and in August, he himself began his journey thither. On leaving Havre, he was shipwrecked ... but at the end of September he again embarked, arriving at Cork on the 29th [1648]."
  95. ^ Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."
  96. ^ Hayes-McCoy 1990, p. 205, line 29. "The battle of Rathmines, fought on 2 August 1649 ..."
  97. ^ Goubert 1984, p. 400, line 14. "1651, 7 septembre : Majorité du roi [Louis XIV]."
  98. ^ Cokayne 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"

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External links[edit]

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