Delhi gharana
The Delhi or Dilli Gharana, is a tabla discipleship tradition known for being the oldest.[1] This tradition was founded by Sidhar Khan Dhadi in the early-18th Century. The tradition is regarded for establishing a distinction from pakhawaj repertoire, "do ungliyon ka baaj" (two-finger style), and contributing improvisation conventions like peshkar and kayada.[2] Heirs of this gharana went on to establish other traditions like Lucknow gharana, Ajrada gharana, and Farukhabad gharana.
History[edit]
Origins[edit]
Delhi Gharana was founded by Dhadi in the early-18th Century. Sometimes referred to as the inventor of the tabla,[3] Sidhar Khan Dhadi is the earliest available name associated with tabla in historical records.[4] He was initially a pakhawaj player from the tradition of Lala Bhavanidas.
Aesthetics[edit]
Technique[edit]
Considered a moderately resonant style (like Ajrada), the Delhi gharana is classified with the "bandh baaj" (closed style) rather than the "khula baaj" (open style) of Punjab and Farukhabad.[5]
Repertoire[edit]
Delhi gharana is reputed for its vast repertoire of kayadas.
Musicality[edit]
Delhi gharana values sound quality that:[6]
- Avoids overuse of the Bayan.
- Light, precise strokes (bols).
- Soft and esoteric temperament and style of playing.
- Strokes like "dha," "tita," "tirakita," and "tinakena" are prominent.
Legacy[edit]
Sidhar Khan Dhadi and his descendants contributed greatly to the development of the tabla language, compositional structures of the peshkars and kayadas.[7] Many compositions from this school are standard and introductory repertoire taught to students of all tabla gharanas.
References[edit]
- ^ Gottlieb, Robert S. (1993). Solo Tabla Drumming of North India: Inam Ali Khan, Keramatullah Khan, and Wajid Hussain. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 49. ISBN 9788120810938.
- ^ R̥shitosha, Kumāra (2015). Tabale kā udgama evaṃ Dillī gharānā: prācīna bandiśoṃ kā sañcayana. Kanishka Pabliśarsa, Ḍisṭrībyūṭarsa. ISBN 9788184576450.
- ^ Saṅgīt Mahābhāratī (2011). The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195650983.
- ^ The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 8 February 2011. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195650983.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-565098-3. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ Pradhan, Aneesh. "Listen: Tabla performances by maestros of the Delhi gharana, where it all began". Scroll.in. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ Wegner, Gert-Matthias; Vintage Tabla Repertory, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2004.
- ^ 'Tabla playing lessons described and made easy' of Delhi gharana on YouTube uploaded 24 Feb 2014, retrieved 15 January 2022