Caixa 2
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Caixa 2 (Brazilian Portuguese: caixa dois [ˈka(j).ʃɐ ˈdojs]) is a term used in Brazil to refer to illegal bookkeeping practices that hide financial transactions from authorities.[1][2]
Tax evasion[edit]
Caixa dois methods include failing to issue invoices, or invoicing for a lower amount than the transaction that actually occurred. By declaring less revenue to a tax authority, less tax is due. The difference between the income actually received and the amount on which tax is paid, is termed "cashbox two".
Hiding illegal or unpopular transactions[edit]
Caixa dois practices may also be used by larger businesses or public entities to disguise the source of or the use of funds.[3] For example, a slush fund may be used to hide payments for illegal services such as bribes to win contracts or access to privileged information to which the payee is not entitled.[3][4]
Legal aspects[edit]
In Brazil caixa dois crimes that involve money laundering[1][5] or organized crime[1] are liable to trial at the Supreme Federal Court, the county's highest court instance.
Saco azul[edit]
In Portugal saco azul [6] is a term used to refer to the same concept as caixa dois.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c da Escóssia, Fernanda (2017-04-14). "Os crimes associados ao caixa 2 e por que quem paga a conta é você" [Crimes associated with caixa 2 and why you pay the bill] (in Portuguese). BBC Brasil. Archived from the original on 2017-04-23. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ Pacievitch, Thais (2019-04-02). "Caixa 2" [Cashbox 2]. InfoEscola (in Portuguese). Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ a b "Os crimes associados ao caixa 2 e por que quem paga a conta é você". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ Law, Jonathan (2014-05-22), "slush fund", A Dictionary of Finance and Banking, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199664931.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-966493-1, retrieved 2023-06-12
- ^ Procuradoria da República no Ceará. "Crimes contra o sistema financeiro" [Crimes against the financial system]. Ministerio Publico Federal (in Portuguese). Procuradoria da República no Estado do Ceará. Archived from the original on 2018-10-19. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ Rocha, Maria Regina (24 January 2003). "Saco azul (I)" [Blue bag]. Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese). Retrieved November 26, 2019.
External links[edit]
- Legislação brasileira traduzida para o Inglês Archived 2019-09-07 at the Wayback Machine – official English translations of the Constitution, and dozens of other Brazilian laws
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