2021 Alberta referendum

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Equalization payments referendum
October 18, 2021 (2021-10-18)
Should Section 36(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982 — Parliament and the Government of Canada’s commitment to the principle of making equalization payments — be removed from the Constitution?
Results
Choice
 Votes %
Yes 642,501 61.68%
No 399,169 38.32%
Valid votes 1,041,670 95.34%
Invalid or blank votes 50,969 4.66%
Total votes 1,092,639 100.00%
Registered voters/turnout 2,822,303 38.71%
Daylight saving time referendum
October 18, 2021 (2021-10-18)
Do you want Alberta to adopt year-round Daylight Saving Time, which is summer hours, eliminating the need to change our clocks twice a year?
Results
Choice
 Votes %
Yes 531,782 49.76%
No 536,874 50.24%
Valid votes 1,068,656 97.78%
Invalid or blank votes 24,304 2.22%
Total votes 1,092,960 100.00%
Registered voters/turnout 2,822,303 38.73%

On October 18, 2021, a referendum was held in Alberta, Canada on two questions, whether equalization payments should be eliminated from the Constitution of Canada, and whether the province should observe daylight saving time year-round.[1] The referendum was held as part of the 2021 Alberta municipal elections and the Senate nominee election.[2][3]

History[edit]

Equalization[edit]

Canada was created as a federal state with a financial relationship between the federal and provincial governments. Currently, there are three primary forms of transfers provided by the federal government to provinces.[4] The Canada Health Transfer is a per-capita transfer payment program in support of the health systems of the provinces and territories of Canada, and represents approximately 47 per cent of major federal transfers.[4] Funds provided through the Canadian Health Transfer must be used by provinces and territories for the purposes of "maintaining the national criteria" for publicly provided health care in Canada (as set out in the Canada Health Act). The second form of transfer is the Canada Social Transfer, a per-capita transfer in support of post-secondary education, social assistance, and social services, including early childhood development and early learning and childcare, which represents 20 per cent of major federal transfers. The third major program is equalization, which represents approximately 25 per cent of major federal transfers.[4] Equalization is intended to address fiscal disparities among Canadian provinces based on estimates of provinces' fiscal capacity—their ability to generate tax revenues.[5]

The equalization program began in 1957 under Progressive Conservative Prime Minister John Diefenbaker to mitigate horizontal fiscal imbalance between provinces.[6] Successive Alberta governments and popular opinion in the province have decried the equalization formula, noting that Alberta has not received funding under the equalization program since 1965.[7] The current equalization formula was implemented shortly after Stephen Harper's Conservative Party of Canada formed a minority government after the 2006 Canadian federal election.[8] Shortly before the election, Liberal Finance Minister Ralph Goodale formed the "Expert Panel on Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing" chaired by Al O'Brien—a former Government of Alberta deputy minister—to produce a report on the future of equalization. The report titled "Achieving a National Purpose: Putting Equalization Back on Track"[9] was tabled in parliament in May 2006. The Harper government used the report as a basis for reforms to the equalization program.[8]

The equalization referendum question asks whether Section 36(2) which expounds the principle of making equalization payments be removed from the Constitution Act, 1982. The amending formula for the Canadian Constitution requires agreement from seven provinces representing 50 per cent of the population of Canada (7+50 formula) and a "yes" vote by a single province in a referendum does not have legal consequence, as a provincial government cannot unilaterally modify equalization.[10]

Daylight saving time[edit]

In 1948, the Government of Alberta formally set the province's time zone with the passage of The Daylight Saving Time Act,[11] which mandated the entire province observe Mountain Standard Time, and prevented any municipality from observing daylight saving time or any other time zone. The bill came after Calgary (1946 and 1947), and Edmonton (1946) held municipal plebiscites which approved the move to daylight saving time, and after Edmonton had brought it in on a voluntary basis in 1947.[12]

Alberta's urban municipalities were largely in favour of daylight saving time and pressured the provincial government to hold a provincial plebiscite or permit municipalities to observe daylight saving time.[13] The effort in the Legislature was spearheaded by Liberal MLA and Calgary Alderman Bill Dickie who in March 1964 brought forward a motion to permit municipalities to hold plebiscites on the issue; the motion was defeated by the Social Credit government. At the time Social Credit MLA William Patterson described daylight saving time as "that fandangled thing", and Minister Allen Russell Patrick stated that municipal daylight saving time would be difficult for tourists to understand.[14]

The Social Credit government finally gave in to the request for a provincial plebiscite on daylight saving time, approving a motion by Bill Dickie put forward in February 1966.[15] On March 29, 1966, Minister Alfred Hooke introduced An Act to amend The Daylight Saving Time Act (Bill 75) amending the Daylight Saving Time Act[16] to permit the government to hold a plebiscite on the issue. Alberta voters were asked the question "Do you favour Province-wide Daylight Saving Time?" during the 1967 Alberta general election. A narrow majority of 51.25 per cent of voters rejected daylight saving time, which were primarily located in rural areas, while strong support for daylight saving time was seen in Calgary, Edmonton, Lethbridge and Medicine Hat.

Across Canada, by 1967, each province besides Alberta and Saskatchewan had adopted daylight saving time. Many Alberta businesses provided for modified summer hours, including the Alberta Stock Exchange which started at 7 a.m. to align with exchanges in Toronto and Montreal. Air Canada released a statement expressing the difficulty of distributing flight schedules with flights to or from Alberta.[17]

After 25 years as Premier, Social Credit leader Ernest Manning stepped down officially on December 12, 1968, and his successor Harry Strom was sworn in as Premier. Only a few months later in April 1969, Strom announced Albertans would once again be asked to vote on daylight saving time in conjunction with the next scheduled provincial general election. During the announcement, Strom stated he was neutral on the topic and did not have a preference one way or another.[18] The 1971 plebiscite on daylight saving time resulted in an overwhelming majority of the Alberta population approving the transition with 61.47 per cent in favour. A statement from Unifarm, a farmer representative organization which opposed daylight saving time, admitted that the organization anticipated the proposal would pass, but also downplayed the consequences for farmers.[19] The new Progressive Conservative government highlighted the change to observe daylight saving in the Speech from the Throne in early March 1972,[20] and Attorney-General Merv Leitch announced on March 14, 1972 that Alberta would officially observe daylight saving time, with the first season's start date set for April 30, 1972, lasting until October 29, 1972.[21]

Prelude[edit]

United Conservative Party of Alberta leader Jason Kenney first promised in November 2017 to hold a provincial referendum on equalization, shortly after being named party leader in the 2017 United Conservative Party leadership election.[22] The commitment to an equalization referendum was reiterated when the United Conservative Party platform document listed the referendum as the number three commitment in the leadup to the 2019 Alberta general election, behind the party's job creation plan, and the promise to repeal the carbon tax.[23] The plan for a referendum came as a protest in the perceived lack of progress on new pipelines such as the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion.[24] The United Conservative Party was subsequently elected to form a majority government in 2019, and on April 30 Kenney was sworn in as the Premier.

Fair Deal Panel[edit]

On November 9, 2019 at the Manning Centre "What’s Next?" Conference, Kenney announced the formation of the "Fair Deal Panel" to consult with Albertans on how best to secure a "fair deal" for Alberta in Confederation. The panel was provided a list of specific measures to consider, and given a mandate to hold town halls across Alberta to hear the concerns of Albertans. Amongst the measures put forward for the Panel to review, included an Alberta Pension Plan, and establishment of an Alberta Provincial Police.[25] Along with the Fair Deal Panel, Kenney sought to demand reform to the equalization formula to exclude non-renewable resource revenue from the calculation and impose a hard cap on equalization transfers, and hold a referendum on removing equalization provisions from the Constitution Act if substantial progress is not made on a coastal pipeline and Bill C-69 is not repealed.[26]

On March 31, 2020 the Fair Deal Panel Report to Government was released outlining 25 recommendations to the government. The second recommendation of the Panel was to proceed with the proposed referendum on the question of removing equalization from the constitution.[27] Premier Kenney responded by promising to hold the referendum on equalization, and continue to study the recommendation of creating an Alberta Provincial Police and pull out of the Canada Pension Plan.[28][29]

Alberta’s election laws were modified to allow members of the cabinet to publicly comment on the referendum, which had previously been prohibited.[30]

Reaction[edit]

Commentators such as Trevor Tombe have argued the referendum on equalization is not held to facilitate constitutional change, but instead a way to elevate Alberta's position in Confederation and get the attention of the federal government.[31][4]

Legal basis[edit]

The legal argument for Alberta's constitutional referendum on equalization is based on the Supreme Court of Canada decision Reference re Secession of Quebec. In Reference re Secession of Quebec, the Court ruled that a province could not unilaterally separate from Canada following a provincial referendum, and the Court offered guidance on the response by the federal and provincial government on referendums on constitutional matters. In particular, the Court stated that "the clear repudiation of the existing constitutional order and the clear expression of the desire to pursue secession … would give rise to a reciprocal obligation on all parties to Confederation to negotiate constitutional changes to respond to that desire." As well as the statement following "[t]he corollary of a legitimate attempt by one participant in Confederation to seek an amendment to the Constitution is an obligation on all parties to come to the negotiating table."[32]

There is disagreement as to whether the Reference re Secession of Quebec decision is applicable to the equalization referendum. University of Calgary political science professor Rainer Knopff believes the "binding obligation" described is applicable.[33] Others, including University of Waterloo political science professor Emmett Macfarlane and University of Alberta law professor Eric Adams, argue that the "binding obligation" is entirely for provincial succession, and the Supreme Court opinion noted that provinces have a mechanism to initiate constitutional change through the amending formula.[34][31][32]

The Government of Alberta position provided by Premier Kenney is that if Albertans approve a clear question it would result in a binding obligation on the Government of Canada "to negotiate that amendment with the province in good faith."[34][32][35] The next step for the Alberta government would be to pass an amendment to the Constitution in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, triggering the legal obligation for the federal government to commence formal negotiations to remove the section.[32]

Questions[edit]

On June 7, 2021 the Government of Alberta announced the referendum questions to be put before Albertans during the 2021 municipal elections. On August 9, 2021, two Order in Councils were issued under the Referendum Act finalizing the questions and election procedure.

The equalization question is: "Should Section 36(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982 — Parliament and the Government of Canada’s commitment to the principle of making equalization payments — be removed from the Constitution?"[36][37]

The question for daylight saving time is: "Do you want Alberta to adopt year-round Daylight Saving Time, which is summer hours, eliminating the need to change our clocks twice a year?"[38]

Opinion polling[edit]

Equalization[edit]

  • Should Section 36(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982 — Parliament and the Government of Canada’s commitment to the principle of making equalization payments — be removed from the Constitution?

Province-wide[edit]

Date(s) conducted Yes No Undecided Lead Sample Conducted by Polling type Notes
12—13 October 55% 29% 16% 26% 935 Mainstreet Research / Western Standard IVR
21 September—6 October 43% 26% 28% 17% 1,204 Leger / Common Ground Online

Regional[edit]

  • Calgary
Date(s) conducted Yes No Undecided Lead Sample Conducted by Polling type Notes
8—11 October 50% 34% 16% 16% 502 Leger / Calgary Herald Online
  • Edmonton
Date(s) conducted Yes No Undecided Lead Sample Conducted by Polling type Notes
8—11 October 33% 41% 16% 8% 503 Leger / Edmonton Journal Online

Daylight saving time[edit]

  • Do you want Alberta to adopt year-round Daylight Saving Time, which is summer hours, eliminating the need to change our clocks twice a year?

Regional[edit]

  • Calgary
Date(s) conducted Yes No Undecided Lead Sample Conducted by Polling type Notes
8—11 October 48% 44% 8% 4% 502 Leger / Calgary Herald Online
  • Edmonton
Date(s) conducted Yes No Undecided Lead Sample Conducted by Polling type Notes
8—11 October 47% 42% 11% 5% 503 Leger / Edmonton Journal Online

Results[edit]

Equalization[edit]

End of equalization
Choice Votes %
Referendum passed Yes 642,501 61.88
No 399,169 38.32
Valid votes 1,041,670 95.34
Total votes 1,092,639 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 2,822,303 38.71
Results of the 2021 Referendum on Equalization by Municipality[39]
County/Municipality Number of
Electors 		Yes % No % Rejected
Ballots 		Blank
Ballots 		Yes/no
Acme 137 106 78.52% 29 21.48% 2 2 Yes
Airdrie 12,029 8,161 70.36% 3,438 29.64% 430 420 Yes
Alberta Beach 255 192 76.19% 60 23.81% 3 2 Yes
Alix 215 160 78.43% 44 21.57% 11 11 Yes
Alliance 78 62 82.67% 13 17.33% 3 3 Yes
Amisk 60 55 93.22% 4 6.78% 1 0 Yes
Andrew 150 97 74.62% 33 25.38% 20 18 Yes
Arrowwood 71 45 70.31% 19 29.69% 7 7 Yes
Athabasca 730 425 63.62% 243 36.38% 62 50 Yes
Athabasca County 2,221 1,696 78.92% 453 21.08% 72 66 Yes
Banff 2,093 738 41.53% 1,039 58.47% 316 311 No
Barnwell 213 167 83.92% 32 16.08% 14 14 Yes
Barons 107 81 80.20% 20 19.80% 6 6 Yes
Barrhead 1,366 904 71.41% 362 28.59% 100 94 Yes
Bashaw 318 227 74.18% 79 25.82% 12 11 Yes
Bassano 427 320 78.05% 90 21.95% 17 17 Yes
Bawlf 84 57 69.51% 25 30.49% 2 2 Yes
Beaumont 4,578 2,762 65.10% 1,481 34.90% 335 335 Yes
Beaver County 1,462 1,148 80.50% 278 19.50% 36 31 Yes
Beaverlodge 486 362 77.85% 103 22.15% 21 18 Yes
Beiseker 243 171 72.46% 65 27.54% 7 6 Yes
Bentley 309 229 77.89% 65 22.11% 15 14 Yes
Berwyn 67 49 74.24% 17 25.76% 1 1 Yes
Big Lakes County 1,353 1,065 81.42% 243 18.58% 45 37 Yes
Big Valley 145 103 72.03% 40 27.97% 2 2 Yes
Birch Hills County 365 290 85.29% 50 14.71% 25 24 Yes
Bittern Lake 80 66 86.84% 10 13.16% 4 4 Yes
Black Diamond 859 610 73.14% 224 26.86% 25 24 Yes
Blackfalds 1,394 1,130 81.06% 264 18.94% 0 0 Yes
Bon Accord 361 246 69.69% 107 30.31% 8 5 Yes
Bonnyville 1,290 946 78.18% 264 21.82% 80 77 Yes
Bow Island 304 203 70.49% 85 29.51% 16 15 Yes
Bowden 367 277 77.16% 82 22.84% 8 8 Yes
Boyle 253 179 74.90% 60 25.10% 14 12 Yes
Brazeau County 2,670 2,273 87.19% 334 12.81% 63 59 Yes
Breton 166 127 79.87% 32 20.13% 7 4 Yes
Brooks 2,550 1,811 75.52% 587 24.48% 152 141 Yes
Bruderheim 203 158 78.61% 43 21.39% 2 1 Yes
Buffalo Lake Métis Settlement 44 33 75.00% 11 25.00% 0 0 Yes
Calgary 392,780 218,856 58.19% 157,244 41.81% 16,680 16,463 Yes
Calmar 552 422 78.88% 113 21.12% 17 16 Yes
Camrose 5,288 3,398 69.33% 1,503 30.67% 387 384 Yes
Camrose County 2,293 1,792 79.57% 460 20.43% 41 34 Yes
Canmore 4,838 1,565 35.87% 2,798 64.13% 475 474 No
Carbon 235 184 82.14% 40 17.86% 11 11 Yes
Cardston 1,306 1,008 82.42% 215 17.58% 83 80 Yes
Cardston County 1,338 1,108 86.49% 173 13.51% 57 56 Yes
Carmangay 119 77 68.14% 36 31.86% 6 4 Yes
Caroline 96 70 76.92% 21 23.08% 5 5 Yes
Carstairs 1,214 939 79.98% 235 20.02% 40 40 Yes
Castor 309 231 79.66% 59 20.34% 19 16 Yes
Champion 125 102 83.61% 20 16.39% 3 1 Yes
Chauvin 142 118 84.29% 22 15.71% 2 2 Yes
Chestermere 4,731 3,330 74.51% 1,139 25.49% 262 259 Yes
Chipman 108 79 73.83% 28 26.17% 1 1 Yes
Claresholm 1,469 991 71.71% 391 28.29% 87 83 Yes
Clear Hills County 602 495 84.47% 91 15.53% 16 15 Yes
Clearwater County 3,676 2,992 83.74% 581 16.26% 103 87 Yes
Clive 186 165 89.19% 20 10.81% 1 1 Yes
Clyde 63 34 57.63% 25 42.37% 4 4 Yes
Coaldale 2,862 1,916 75.82% 611 24.18% 335 335 Yes
Coalhurst 632 428 70.51% 179 29.49% 25 16 Yes
Cochrane 6,844 4,395 66.58% 2,206 33.42% 243 240 Yes
Cold Lake 2,737 1,909 72.81% 713 27.19% 115 112 Yes
Consort 216 172 83.50% 34 16.50% 10 7 Yes
Coronation 293 231 82.50% 49 17.50% 13 12 Yes
County of Barrhead No. 11 1,678 1,304 80.64% 313 19.36% 61 55 Yes
County of Forty Mile No. 8 399 350 89.29% 42 10.71% 7 7 Yes
County of Grande Prairie No. 1 4,933 3,934 81.64% 885 18.36% 114 98 Yes
County of Minburn No. 27 719 476 69.19% 212 30.81% 31 29 Yes
County of Newell 1,528 1,290 86.46% 202 13.54% 36 36 Yes
County of Northern Lights 713 557 79.57% 143 20.43% 13 10 Yes
County of Paintearth No. 18 446 376 85.65% 63 14.35% 7 6 Yes
County of St. Paul No. 19 2,495 1,890 78.98% 503 21.02% 102 102 Yes
County of Stettler No. 6 1,877 1,587 86.20% 254 13.80% 36 33 Yes
County of Two Hills No. 21 910 722 79.78% 183 20.22% 5 5 Yes
County of Vermilion River 2,326 1,937 85.97% 316 14.03% 73 60 Yes
County of Warner No. 5 428 350 85.37% 60 14.63% 18 17 Yes
County of Wetaskiwin No. 10 2,710 2,183 81.70% 489 18.30% 38 38 Yes
Coutts 74 61 84.72% 11 15.28% 2 2 Yes
Cowley 48 39 81.25% 9 18.75% 0 0 Yes
Cremona 144 91 68.42% 42 31.58% 11 8 Yes
Crossfield 550 444 81.02% 104 18.98% 2 2 Yes
Crowsnest Pass 1,749 1,215 71.94% 474 28.06% 60 52 Yes
Cypress County 1,809 1,494 84.60% 272 15.40% 43 41 Yes
Czar 79 70 89.74% 8 10.26% 1 1 Yes
Daysland 317 228 76.51% 70 23.49% 19 18 Yes
Delburne 170 133 78.24% 37 21.76% 0 0 Yes
Delia 53 43 81.13% 10 18.87% 0 0 Yes
Devon 2,083 1,395 68.05% 655 31.95% 33 32 Yes
Didsbury 1,669 1,120 73.49% 404 26.51% 145 143 Yes
Donalda 95 74 86.05% 12 13.95% 9 8 Yes
Donnelly 50 32 64.00% 18 36.00% 0 0 Yes
Drayton Valley 1,849 1,478 81.88% 327 18.12% 44 39 Yes
Drumheller 2,653 1,803 71.63% 714 28.37% 136 50 Yes
Duchess 176 152 86.86% 23 13.14% 1 1 Yes
East Prairie Métis Settlement 17 8 50.00% 8 50.00% 1 1 N/A
Eckville 271 215 80.52% 52 19.48% 4 4 Yes
Edberg 54 42 79.25% 11 20.75% 1 0 Yes
Edgerton 147 113 80.14% 28 19.86% 6 1 Yes
Edmonton 235,852 108,059 48.09% 116,632 51.91% 11,161 10,997 No
Edson 1,775 1,278 76.21% 399 23.79% 98 91 Yes
Elizabeth Métis Settlement 20 14 70.00% 6 30.00% 0 0 Yes
Elk Point 475 310 71.10% 126 28.90% 39 38 Yes
Elnora 91 70 76.92% 21 23.08% 0 0 Yes
Empress 104 69 70.41% 29 29.59% 6 6 Yes
Fairview 428 332 78.67% 90 21.33% 6 6 Yes
Falher 201 155 79.08% 41 20.92% 5 4 Yes
Fishing Lake Métis Settlement 32 19 63.33% 11 36.67% 2 1 Yes
Flagstaff County 793 680 87.07% 101 12.93% 12 12 Yes
Foothills County 4,199 3,370 80.64% 809 19.36% 20 19 Yes
Foremost 204 148 77.49% 43 22.51% 13 13 Yes
Forestburg 184 140 77.78% 40 22.22% 4 4 Yes
Fort Macleod 726 481 70.63% 200 29.37% 45 44 Yes
Fort Saskatchewan 6,269 3,983 66.99% 1,963 33.01% 323 322 Yes
Fox Creek 443 332 77.93% 94 22.07% 17 17 Yes
Gibbons 782 539 71.11% 219 28.89% 24 23 Yes
Girouxville 58 47 82.46% 10 17.54% 1 1 Yes
Glendon 158 121 79.61% 31 20.39% 6 5 Yes
Glenwood 124 89 74.17% 31 25.83% 4 4 Yes
Grande Prairie 9,801 6,382 69.48% 2,804 30.52% 615 434 Yes
Grimshaw 386 279 72.47% 106 27.53% 1 1 Yes
Halkirk 39 34 87.18% 5 12.82% 0 0 Yes
Hanna 801 618 81.42% 141 18.58% 42 42 Yes
Hardisty 228 186 83.41% 37 16.59% 5 5 Yes
Hay Lakes 122 97 81.51% 22 18.49% 3 1 Yes
Heisler 29 24 82.76% 5 17.24% 0 0 Yes
High Level 439 289 68.65% 132 31.35% 18 16 Yes
High Prairie 693 424 66.35% 215 33.65% 54 53 Yes
High River 4,241 2,909 73.15% 1,068 26.85% 264 261 Yes
Hill Spring 76 57 77.03% 17 22.97% 2 2 Yes
Hines Creek 110 86 81.13% 20 18.87% 4 4 Yes
Hinton 2,763 1,792 69.38% 791 30.62% 180 164 Yes
Holden 109 78 74.29% 27 25.71% 4 4 Yes
Hughenden 93 64 71.91% 25 28.09% 4 4 Yes
Hussar 68 60 88.24% 8 11.76% 0 0 Yes
Improvement District No. 4 (Waterton) 21 9 42.86% 12 57.14% 0 0 No
Innisfail 2,679 1,364 59.10% 944 40.90% 371 371 Yes
Innisfree 52 30 63.83% 17 36.17% 5 5 Yes
Irma 168 145 87.88% 20 12.12% 3 3 Yes
Irricana 370 281 76.78% 85 23.22% 4 4 Yes
Jasper 1,363 488 38.30% 786 61.70% 89 86 No
Killam 213 164 77.73% 47 22.27% 2 2 Yes
Kitscoty 230 183 80.62% 44 19.38% 3 3 Yes
Kneehill County 1,275 1,047 83.89% 201 16.11% 27 22 Yes
Lac La Biche County 3,219 2,283 76.20% 713 23.80% 223 213 Yes
Lac Ste. Anne County 3,017 2,350 80.73% 561 19.27% 106 104 Yes
Lacombe 2,464 1,659 70.78% 685 29.22% 120 119 Yes
Lacombe County 2,490 2,021 82.42% 431 17.58% 38 32 Yes
Lamont 439 317 76.02% 100 23.98% 22 22 Yes
Lamont County 1,144 601 56.12% 470 43.88% 73 68 Yes
Leduc 7,007 4,746 71.44% 1,897 28.56% 364 357 Yes
Leduc County 3,705 2,864 79.25% 750 20.75% 91 65 Yes
Legal 379 262 71.98% 102 28.02% 15 12 Yes
Lethbridge 28,293 15,608 59.19% 10,761 40.81% 1,924 1,892 Yes
Lethbridge County 1,209 986 83.99% 188 16.01% 35 35 Yes
Linden 212 158 79.40% 41 20.60% 13 13 Yes
Lloydminster 2,123 1,813 85.40% 310 14.60% 0 0 Yes
Longview 150 108 72.00% 42 28.00% 0 0 Yes
Lougheed 67 46 71.88% 18 28.13% 3 3 Yes
Mackenzie County 1,293 1,081 87.67% 152 12.33% 60 50 Yes
Magrath 841 618 77.54% 179 22.46% 44 42 Yes
Manning 265 189 73.83% 67 26.17% 9 9 Yes
Mannville 225 159 73.27% 58 26.73% 8 8 Yes
Marwayne 174 130 76.47% 40 23.53% 4 4 Yes
Mayerthorpe 191 141 75.81% 45 24.19% 5 4 Yes
McLennan 220 134 65.05% 72 34.95% 14 14 Yes
Medicine Hat 19,998 12,846 69.39% 5,667 30.61% 1,485 1,478 Yes
Milk River 435 309 75.37% 101 24.63% 25 24 Yes
Millet 505 359 72.09% 139 27.91% 7 7 Yes
Milo 65 49 77.78% 14 22.22% 2 2 Yes
Morinville 2,640 1,702 68.24% 792 31.76% 146 141 Yes
Morrin 77 55 76.39% 17 23.61% 5 3 Yes
Mountain View County 3,850 3,076 82.20% 666 17.80% 108 104 Yes
Mundare 352 241 73.25% 88 26.75% 23 23 Yes
Municipal Affairs[a] 314 184 88.89% 23 11.11% 107 5 Yes
Municipal District of Acadia No. 34 160 137 87.82% 19 12.18% 4 4 Yes
Municipal District of Bighorn No. 8 449 232 53.46% 202 46.54% 15 12 Yes
Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87 4,272 3,427 84.97% 606 15.03% 239 239 Yes
Municipal District of Fairview No. 136 440 341 80.24% 84 19.76% 15 13 Yes
Municipal District of Greenview No. 16 2,225 1,746 81.25% 403 18.75% 76 70 Yes
Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124 1,009 773 79.20% 203 20.80% 33 31 Yes
Municipal District of Opportunity No. 17 966 520 59.98% 347 40.02% 99 99 Yes
Municipal District of Peace No. 135 222 164 75.93% 52 24.07% 6 6 Yes
Municipal District of Pincher Creek No. 9 958 657 69.82% 284 30.18% 17 17 Yes
Municipal District of Provost No. 52 698 621 90.52% 65 9.48% 12 10 Yes
Municipal District of Ranchland No. 66 26 21 84.00% 4 16.00% 1 1 Yes
Municipal District of Smoky River No. 130 812 613 78.79% 165 21.21% 34 31 Yes
Municipal District of Spirit River No. 133 177 149 86.63% 23 13.37% 5 5 Yes
Municipal District of Taber 972 812 87.12% 120 12.88% 40 26 Yes
Municipal District of Wainwright No. 61 1,380 1,144 84.55% 209 15.45% 27 27 Yes
Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26 1,342 1,083 83.95% 207 16.05% 52 51 Yes
Munson 94 80 88.89% 10 11.11% 4 4 Yes
Myrnam 61 50 81.97% 11 18.03% 0 0 Yes
Nampa 86 69 82.14% 15 17.86% 2 2 Yes
Nanton 774 548 72.68% 206 27.32% 20 20 Yes
Nobleford 256 209 81.64% 47 18.36% 0 0 Yes
Northern Sunrise County 494 354 73.60% 127 26.40% 13 13 Yes
Okotoks 7,523 5,170 72.05% 2,006 27.95% 347 346 Yes
Olds 2,361 1,580 72.95% 586 27.05% 195 194 Yes
Onoway 476 347 74.78% 117 25.22% 12 12 Yes
Oyen 201 170 85.86% 28 14.14% 3 3 Yes
Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement 8 7 100.00% 0 0.00% 1 1 Yes
Paradise Valley 39 31 79.49% 8 20.51% 0 0 Yes
Parkland County 7,836 5,615 74.43% 1,929 25.57% 292 288 Yes
Peace River 1,886 1,144 64.56% 628 35.44% 114 105 Yes
Peavine Métis Settlement 45 21 50.00% 21 50.00% 3 3 N/A
Penhold 834 419 54.56% 349 45.44% 66 66 Yes
Picture Butte 225 176 80.37% 43 19.63% 6 3 Yes
Pincher Creek 1,214 788 68.58% 361 31.42% 65 63 Yes
Ponoka 1,606 1,112 74.23% 386 25.77% 108 108 Yes
Ponoka County 2,320 1,902 84.42% 351 15.58% 67 66 Yes
Provost 621 523 86.16% 84 13.84% 14 14 Yes
Rainbow Lake 59 50 84.75% 9 15.25% 0 0 Yes
Raymond 1,477 1,116 78.98% 297 21.02% 64 59 Yes
Red Deer 21,750 13,980 68.62% 6,393 31.38% 1,377 1,370 Yes
Red Deer County 6,020 4,759 80.85% 1,127 19.15% 134 111 Yes
Redcliff 1,377 984 75.00% 328 25.00% 65 64 Yes
Redwater 636 491 77.20% 145 22.80% 0 0 Yes
Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo 12,616 8,776 74.28% 3,039 25.72% 801 779 Yes
Rimbey 697 293 65.26% 156 34.74% 248 220 No
Rocky Mountain House 1,707 1,245 76.01% 393 23.99% 69 57 Yes
Rocky View County 11,520 8,425 74.94% 2,818 25.06% 277 247 Yes
Rockyford 115 83 75.45% 27 24.55% 5 5 Yes
Rosalind 67 47 70.15% 20 29.85% 0 0 Yes
Rosemary 112 90 82.57% 19 17.43% 3 3 Yes
Rycroft 159 120 76.43% 37 23.57% 2 2 Yes
Ryley 178 122 71.76% 48 28.24% 8 6 Yes
Saddle Hills County 727 573 82.21% 124 17.79% 30 25 Yes
Sedgewick 323 253 81.61% 57 18.39% 13 12 Yes
Sexsmith 467 357 81.14% 83 18.86% 27 23 Yes
Slave Lake 1,440 1,054 74.23% 366 25.77% 20 17 Yes
Smoky Lake 487 271 64.99% 146 35.01% 70 70 Yes
Smoky Lake County 1,034 763 81.34% 175 18.66% 96 95 Yes
Spirit River 250 188 78.99% 50 21.01% 12 10 Yes
Spring Lake 176 102 58.96% 71 41.04% 3 3 Yes
Spruce Grove 7,960 4,939 65.00% 2,659 35.00% 362 359 Yes
St. Albert 17,780 8,945 53.06% 7,913 46.94% 922 919 Yes
St. Paul 1,367 892 72.29% 342 27.71% 133 69 Yes
Standard 123 94 78.33% 26 21.67% 3 3 Yes
Starland County 543 442 84.84% 79 15.16% 22 10 Yes
Stavely 194 151 80.32% 37 19.68% 6 6 Yes
Stettler 1,362 1,005 77.37% 294 22.63% 63 33 Yes
Stirling 208 175 84.95% 31 15.05% 2 1 Yes
Stony Plain 4,327 2,877 71.00% 1,175 29.00% 275 232 Yes
Strathcona County 30,501 18,302 62.63% 10,919 37.37% 1,280 1,264 Yes
Strathmore 3,631 2,522 74.24% 875 25.76% 234 234 Yes
Sturgeon County 4,554 3,267 74.05% 1,145 25.95% 142 142 Yes
Summer Village of Burnstick Lake 7 3 50.00% 3 50.00% 1 1 N/A
Summer Village of Golden Days 42 32 76.19% 10 23.81% 0 0 Yes
Summer Village of Gull Lake 71 57 81.43% 13 18.57% 1 1 Yes
Summer Village of Horseshoe Bay 19 13 68.42% 6 31.58% 0 0 Yes
Summer Village of Larkspur 2 1 50.00% 1 50.00% 0 0 N/A
Summer Village of Parkland Beach 32 22 70.97% 9 29.03% 1 1 Yes
Summer Village of Silver Beach 5 5 100.00% 0 0.00% 0 0 Yes
Summer Village of Sundance Beach 18 11 61.11% 7 38.89% 0 0 Yes
Summer Village of Waiparous 18 12 70.59% 5 29.41% 1 0 Yes
Sundre 885 638 75.50% 207 24.50% 40 40 Yes
Swan Hills 413 314 78.11% 88 21.89% 11 11 Yes
Sylvan Lake 3,448 2,611 77.94% 739 22.06% 98 94 Yes
Taber 2,081 1,520 81.28% 350 18.72% 211 208 Yes
Thorhild County 1,147 890 81.28% 205 18.72% 52 51 Yes
Thorsby 400 278 71.10% 113 28.90% 9 9 Yes
Three Hills 1,101 840 79.17% 221 20.83% 40 38 Yes
Tofield 409 281 69.38% 124 30.62% 4 2 Yes
Trochu 354 269 79.59% 69 20.41% 16 15 Yes
Turner Valley 731 480 68.77% 218 31.23% 33 31 Yes
Two Hills 279 179 72.76% 67 27.24% 33 33 Yes
Valleyview 447 315 73.09% 116 26.91% 16 16 Yes
Vauxhall 173 122 73.05% 45 26.95% 6 2 Yes
Vegreville 1,760 1,173 72.18% 452 27.82% 135 128 Yes
Vermilion 1,158 882 76.17% 276 23.83% 0 0 Yes
Veteran 56 48 88.89% 6 11.11% 2 1 Yes
Viking 381 257 76.26% 80 23.74% 44 31 Yes
Vilna 72 48 66.67% 24 33.33% 0 0 Yes
Vulcan 454 337 75.73% 108 24.27% 9 8 Yes
Vulcan County 826 708 86.76% 108 13.24% 10 9 Yes
Wainwright 1,619 1,128 73.73% 402 26.27% 89 79 Yes
Warburg 176 133 79.17% 35 20.83% 8 8 Yes
Warner 184 125 75.76% 40 24.24% 19 18 Yes
Waskatenau 35 29 82.86% 6 17.14% 0 0 Yes
Wembley 273 212 79.40% 55 20.60% 6 6 Yes
Westlock 1,173 795 71.17% 322 28.83% 56 53 Yes
Westlock County 1,988 1,558 80.52% 377 19.48% 53 52 Yes
Wetaskiwin 3,422 2,167 69.06% 971 30.94% 284 259 Yes
Wheatland County 2,106 1,690 83.05% 345 16.95% 71 56 Yes
Whitecourt 2,131 1,620 80.80% 385 19.20% 126 122 Yes
Woodlands County 1,606 1,324 83.96% 253 16.04% 29 26 Yes
Yellowhead County 3,061 2,466 82.45% 525 17.55% 70 68 Yes
Youngstown 38 35 94.59% 2 5.41% 1 0 Yes
Provincial Total 1,092,639 642,501 61.68% 399,169 38.32% 50,969 49,336 Yes

Daylight Saving Time[edit]

Year-round daylight saving time
Choice Votes %
Referendum failed No 536,874 50.24
Yes 531,782 49.76
Valid votes 1,068,656 97.78
Total votes 1,092,960 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 2,822,303 38.73
Results of the 2021 Referendum on Daylight Savings Time by Municipality[40]
County/Municipality Number of
Electors 		Yes % No % Rejected
Ballots 		Blank
Ballots 		Yes/no
Acme 137 78 56.93% 59 43.07% 0 0 Yes
Airdrie 12,029 6,215 52.35% 5,656 47.65% 158 154 Yes
Alberta Beach 255 123 48.81% 129 51.19% 3 3 No
Alix 215 138 64.79% 75 35.21% 2 2 Yes
Alliance 78 54 69.23% 24 30.77% 0 0 Yes
Amisk 60 33 56.90% 25 43.10% 2 1 Yes
Andrew 150 85 60.28% 56 39.72% 9 7 Yes
Arrowwood 71 39 56.52% 30 43.48% 2 2 Yes
Athabasca 730 391 55.62% 312 44.38% 27 15 Yes
Athabasca County 2,232 1,350 61.90% 831 38.10% 51 40 Yes
Banff 2,093 848 42.23% 1,160 57.77% 85 81 No
Barnwell 213 114 54.55% 95 45.45% 4 4 Yes
Barons 107 75 73.53% 27 26.47% 5 5 Yes
Barrhead 1,366 719 55.22% 583 44.78% 64 48 Yes
Bashaw 318 164 52.73% 147 47.27% 7 6 Yes
Bassano 427 226 53.94% 193 46.06% 8 8 Yes
Bawlf 84 48 57.83% 35 42.17% 1 1 Yes
Beaumont 4,578 2,174 49.22% 2,243 50.78% 161 161 No
Beaver County 1,462 797 55.58% 637 44.42% 28 26 Yes
Beaverlodge 486 230 48.12% 248 51.88% 8 3 No
Beiseker 243 137 57.32% 102 42.68% 4 2 Yes
Bentley 309 178 59.33% 122 40.67% 9 9 Yes
Berwyn 67 38 56.72% 29 43.28% 0 0 Yes
Big Lakes County 1,353 806 60.56% 525 39.44% 22 17 Yes
Big Valley 145 81 56.64% 62 43.36% 2 2 Yes
Birch Hills County 365 203 57.18% 152 42.82% 10 10 Yes
Bittern Lake 80 42 54.55% 35 45.45% 3 3 Yes
Black Diamond 859 465 55.23% 377 44.77% 17 17 Yes
Blackfalds 1,417 850 59.99% 567 40.01% 0 0 Yes
Bon Accord 361 190 53.52% 165 46.48% 6 3 Yes
Bonnyville 1,290 823 65.42% 435 34.58% 32 29 Yes
Bow Island 304 176 58.09% 127 41.91% 1 1 Yes
Bowden 368 211 59.44% 144 40.56% 13 10 Yes
Boyle 250 143 58.61% 101 41.39% 6 6 Yes
Brazeau County 2,670 1,530 58.35% 1,092 41.65% 48 44 Yes
Breton 166 90 57.32% 67 42.68% 9 6 Yes
Brooks 2,555 1,338 54.35% 1,124 45.65% 93 82 Yes
Bruderheim 203 127 62.87% 75 37.13% 1 0 Yes
Buffalo Lake Métis Settlement 44 22 50.00% 22 50.00% 0 0 N/A
Calgary 392,780 187,286 48.49% 198,957 51.51% 6,537 6,351 No
Calmar 552 292 54.07% 248 45.93% 12 12 Yes
Camrose 5,288 2,749 53.08% 2,430 46.92% 109 107 Yes
Camrose County 2,293 1,164 51.71% 1,087 48.29% 42 30 Yes
Canmore 4,838 1,666 35.46% 3,032 64.54% 140 140 No
Carbon 235 145 63.60% 83 36.40% 7 1 Yes
Cardston 1,306 736 57.82% 537 42.18% 33 32 Yes
Cardston County 1,338 807 61.74% 500 38.26% 31 27 Yes
Carmangay 119 54 47.79% 59 52.21% 6 4 No
Caroline 96 56 60.22% 37 39.78% 3 3 Yes
Carstairs 1,214 683 57.06% 514 42.94% 17 17 Yes
Castor 309 157 52.68% 141 47.32% 11 8 Yes
Champion 125 64 52.03% 59 47.97% 2 0 Yes
Chauvin 142 100 71.43% 40 28.57% 2 1 Yes
Chestermere 4,731 2,479 53.79% 2,130 46.21% 122 121 Yes
Chipman 108 56 53.33% 49 46.67% 3 3 Yes
Claresholm 1,469 746 52.65% 671 47.35% 52 50 Yes
Clear Hills County 602 315 53.39% 275 46.61% 12 11 Yes
Clearwater County 3,678 2,082 57.91% 1,513 42.09% 83 71 Yes
Clive 186 106 57.61% 78 42.39% 2 1 Yes
Clyde 63 28 45.16% 34 54.84% 1 1 No
Coaldale 2,862 1,588 58.75% 1,115 41.25% 159 159 Yes
Coalhurst 632 345 56.10% 270 43.90% 17 8 Yes
Cochrane 6,844 3,225 47.96% 3,499 52.04% 120 119 No
Cold Lake 2,737 1,802 66.86% 893 33.14% 42 42 Yes
Consort 216 142 69.95% 61 30.05% 13 10 Yes
Coronation 293 167 58.19% 120 41.81% 6 5 Yes
County of Barrhead No. 11 1,678 869 53.05% 769 46.95% 40 34 Yes
County of Forty Mile No. 8 399 216 54.68% 179 45.32% 4 3 Yes
County of Grande Prairie No. 1 4,914 2,294 47.44% 2,542 52.56% 78 59 No
County of Minburn No. 27 719 418 60.76% 270 39.24% 31 31 Yes
County of Newell 1,528 731 48.64% 772 51.36% 25 23 No
County of Northern Lights 713 406 57.67% 298 42.33% 9 7 Yes
County of Paintearth No. 18 446 236 53.76% 203 46.24% 7 6 Yes
County of St. Paul No. 19 2,495 1,484 61.15% 943 38.85% 68 67 Yes
County of Stettler No. 6 1,877 945 51.25% 899 48.75% 33 31 Yes
County of Two Hills No. 21 950 556 58.59% 393 41.41% 1 1 Yes
County of Vermilion River 2,326 1,441 63.12% 842 36.88% 43 30 Yes
County of Warner No. 5 428 230 54.89% 189 45.11% 9 8 Yes
County of Wetaskiwin No. 10 2,710 1,448 54.01% 1,233 45.99% 29 29 Yes
Coutts 74 43 59.72% 29 40.28% 2 2 Yes
Cowley 48 33 68.75% 15 31.25% 0 0 Yes
Cremona 144 77 56.20% 60 43.80% 7 4 Yes
Crossfield 550 318 58.46% 226 41.54% 6 6 Yes
Crowsnest Pass 1,749 985 57.47% 729 42.53% 35 27 Yes
Cypress County 1,809 1,226 68.72% 558 31.28% 25 23 Yes
Czar 79 50 64.94% 27 35.06% 2 2 Yes
Daysland 317 183 58.47% 130 41.53% 4 4 Yes
Delburne 170 112 65.88% 58 34.12% 0 0 Yes
Delia 53 28 52.83% 25 47.17% 0 0 Yes
Devon 2,177 1,037 48.37% 1,107 51.63% 33 32 No
Didsbury 1,667 827 52.34% 753 47.66% 87 85 Yes
Donalda 95 59 65.56% 31 34.44% 5 4 Yes
Donnelly 50 25 52.08% 23 47.92% 2 2 Yes
Drayton Valley 1,849 975 55.30% 788 44.70% 86 83 Yes
Drumheller 2,657 1,390 53.26% 1,220 46.74% 47 23 Yes
Duchess 176 97 55.43% 78 44.57% 1 1 Yes
East Prairie Métis Settlement 17 11 64.71% 6 35.29% 0 0 Yes
Eckville 271 142 53.18% 125 46.82% 4 4 Yes
Edberg 54 31 58.49% 22 41.51% 1 0 Yes
Edgerton 147 77 55.00% 63 45.00% 7 2 Yes
Edmonton 235,852 104,187 45.38% 125,408 54.62% 6,257 6,126 No
Edson 1,775 943 54.41% 790 45.59% 42 34 Yes
Elizabeth Métis Settlement 20 16 80.00% 4 20.00% 0 0 Yes
Elk Point 475 267 58.42% 190 41.58% 18 16 Yes
Elnora 91 66 73.33% 24 26.67% 1 1 Yes
Empress 105 71 68.27% 33 31.73% 1 1 Yes
Fairview 428 200 46.73% 228 53.27% 0 0 No
Falher 201 128 65.31% 68 34.69% 5 5 Yes
Fishing Lake Métis Settlement 32 18 58.06% 13 41.94% 1 0 Yes
Flagstaff County 793 389 49.87% 391 50.13% 13 13 No
Foothills County 4,199 2,090 50.33% 2,063 49.67% 46 44 Yes
Foremost 204 120 60.00% 80 40.00% 4 4 Yes
Forestburg 183 95 52.20% 87 47.80% 1 1 Yes
Fort Macleod 726 385 54.15% 326 45.85% 15 14 Yes
Fort Saskatchewan 6,269 2,916 47.48% 3,225 52.52% 128 126 No
Fox Creek 443 194 44.19% 245 55.81% 4 4 No
Gibbons 782 394 51.91% 365 48.09% 23 22 Yes
Girouxville 58 30 52.63% 27 47.37% 1 1 Yes
Glendon 158 102 65.81% 53 34.19% 3 2 Yes
Glenwood 124 61 50.41% 60 49.59% 3 3 Yes
Grande Prairie 9,801 4,140 44.00% 5,269 56.00% 392 213 No
Grimshaw 392 178 45.52% 213 54.48% 1 1 No
Halkirk 39 22 56.41% 17 43.59% 0 0 Yes
Hanna 801 430 54.78% 355 45.22% 16 16 Yes
Hardisty 228 116 50.88% 112 49.12% 0 0 Yes
Hay Lakes 122 61 50.83% 59 49.17% 2 0 Yes
Heisler 29 14 50.00% 14 50.00% 1 1 N/A
High Level 439 263 60.88% 169 39.12% 7 5 Yes
High Prairie 693 360 53.41% 314 46.59% 19 19 Yes
High River 4,241 2,116 51.95% 1,957 48.05% 168 167 Yes
Hill Spring 76 45 60.81% 29 39.19% 2 2 Yes
Hines Creek 110 60 58.82% 42 41.18% 8 8 Yes
Hinton 2,763 1,506 56.07% 1,180 43.93% 77 61 Yes
Holden 109 72 67.29% 35 32.71% 2 2 Yes
Hughenden 95 57 62.64% 34 37.36% 4 4 Yes
Hussar 68 34 50.75% 33 49.25% 1 0 Yes
Improvement District No. 4 (Waterton) 21 6 28.57% 15 71.43% 0 0 No
Innisfail 2,679 1,329 54.33% 1,117 45.67% 233 233 Yes
Innisfree 52 29 55.77% 23 44.23% 0 0 Yes
Irma 168 100 59.52% 68 40.48% 0 0 Yes
Irricana 370 179 48.91% 187 51.09% 4 0 No
Jasper 1,359 611 45.50% 732 54.50% 16 14 No
Killam 213 108 51.43% 102 48.57% 3 3 Yes
Kitscoty 230 149 65.07% 80 34.93% 1 1 Yes
Kneehill County 1,275 646 51.80% 601 48.20% 28 22 Yes
Lac La Biche County 3,219 1,917 61.78% 1,186 38.22% 116 108 Yes
Lac Ste. Anne County 3,044 1,655 56.06% 1,297 43.94% 92 86 Yes
Lacombe 2,464 1,217 50.52% 1,192 49.48% 55 54 Yes
Lacombe County 2,474 1,280 52.52% 1,157 47.48% 37 30 Yes
Lamont 439 235 54.27% 198 45.73% 6 6 Yes
Lamont County 1,144 839 77.11% 249 22.89% 56 52 Yes
Leduc 7,007 3,436 50.22% 3,406 49.78% 165 164 Yes
Leduc County 3,705 1,964 53.90% 1,680 46.10% 61 49 Yes
Legal 379 202 54.30% 170 45.70% 7 7 Yes
Lethbridge 28,293 14,158 51.22% 13,484 48.78% 651 632 Yes
Lethbridge County 1,209 573 48.40% 611 51.60% 25 25 No
Linden 212 111 54.15% 94 45.85% 7 7 Yes
Lloydminster 2,142 1,709 79.79% 433 20.21% 0 0 Yes
Longview 152 83 54.61% 69 45.39% 0 0 Yes
Lougheed 67 33 50.77% 32 49.23% 2 2 Yes
Mackenzie County 1,293 941 74.45% 323 25.55% 29 26 Yes
Magrath 841 498 59.78% 335 40.22% 8 5 Yes
Manning 265 126 48.65% 133 51.35% 6 5 No
Mannville 225 148 66.97% 73 33.03% 4 4 Yes
Marwayne 174 106 60.92% 68 39.08% 0 0 Yes
Mayerthorpe 191 128 67.37% 62 32.63% 1 1 Yes
McLennan 220 113 51.60% 106 48.40% 1 1 Yes
Medicine Hat 19,998 12,113 61.85% 7,473 38.15% 412 409 Yes
Milk River 435 253 59.95% 169 40.05% 13 13 Yes
Millet 505 276 68.32% 128 31.68% 101 101 Yes
Milo 65 36 56.25% 28 43.75% 1 1 Yes
Morinville 2,640 1,384 53.79% 1,189 46.21% 67 62 Yes
Morrin 77 38 49.35% 39 50.65% 0 0 No
Mountain View County 3,850 1,951 51.67% 1,825 48.33% 74 65 Yes
Mundare 352 229 67.35% 111 32.65% 12 12 Yes
Municipal Affairs[a] 314 131 62.38% 79 37.62% 104 2 No
Municipal District of Acadia No. 34 160 117 73.13% 43 26.88% 0 0 Yes
Municipal District of Bighorn No. 8 449 183 41.50% 258 58.50% 8 4 No
Municipal District of Bonnyville No. 87 4,272 2,757 66.51% 1,388 33.49% 127 126 Yes
Municipal District of Fairview No. 136 440 218 51.05% 209 48.95% 13 12 Yes
Municipal District of Greenview No. 16 2,225 1,192 55.06% 973 44.94% 60 56 Yes
Municipal District of Lesser Slave River No. 124 1,009 520 53.17% 458 46.83% 31 29 Yes
Municipal District of Opportunity No. 17 966 513 56.69% 392 43.31% 61 61 Yes
Municipal District of Peace No. 135 222 100 45.87% 118 54.13% 4 4 No
Municipal District of Pincher Creek No. 9 958 443 46.73% 505 53.27% 10 10 No
Municipal District of Provost No. 52 698 432 62.79% 256 37.21% 10 9 Yes
Municipal District of Ranchland No. 66 26 12 46.15% 14 53.85% 0 0 No
Municipal District of Smoky River No. 130 812 425 53.59% 368 46.41% 19 15 Yes
Municipal District of Spirit River No. 133 177 86 49.14% 89 50.86% 2 2 No
Municipal District of Taber 972 490 51.91% 454 48.09% 28 28 Yes
Municipal District of Wainwright No. 61 1,380 756 55.22% 613 44.78% 11 11 Yes
Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26 1,342 701 53.15% 618 46.85% 23 22 Yes
Munson 94 45 48.39% 48 51.61% 1 1 No
Myrnam 61 32 54.24% 27 45.76% 2 2 Yes
Nampa 86 49 58.33% 35 41.67% 2 2 Yes
Nanton 774 378 49.67% 383 50.33% 13 12 No
Nobleford 260 137 52.69% 123 47.31% 0 0 Yes
Northern Sunrise County 494 267 54.38% 224 45.62% 3 3 Yes
Okotoks 7,523 3,523 47.67% 3,868 52.33% 132 129 No
Olds 2,361 1,167 51.18% 1,113 48.82% 81 81 Yes
Onoway 476 252 53.73% 217 46.27% 7 7 Yes
Oyen 201 124 62.63% 74 37.37% 3 3 Yes
Paddle Prairie Métis Settlement 8 6 75.00% 2 25.00% 0 0 Yes
Paradise Valley 39 24 61.54% 15 38.46% 0 0 Yes
Parkland County 7,836 3,897 50.89% 3,761 49.11% 178 177 Yes
Peace River 1,884 847 46.11% 990 53.89% 47 39 No
Peavine Métis Settlement 45 28 62.22% 17 37.78% 0 0 Yes
Penhold 834 396 51.56% 372 48.44% 66 66 Yes
Picture Butte 225 94 42.53% 127 57.47% 4 2 No
Pincher Creek 1,213 587 48.92% 613 51.08% 13 10 No
Ponoka 1,606 827 53.11% 730 46.89% 49 49 Yes
Ponoka County 2,320 1,197 52.04% 1,103 47.96% 20 19 Yes
Provost 621 449 72.42% 171 27.58% 1 1 Yes
Rainbow Lake 59 37 62.71% 22 37.29% 0 0 Yes
Raymond 1,477 861 58.49% 611 41.51% 5 2 Yes
Red Deer 21,750 11,523 54.60% 9,580 45.40% 647 641 Yes
Red Deer County 6,020 3,134 53.02% 2,777 46.98% 109 80 Yes
Redcliff 1,377 859 63.68% 490 36.32% 28 26 Yes
Redwater 647 373 57.65% 274 42.35% 0 0 Yes
Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo 12,616 7,497 61.69% 4,656 38.31% 463 447 Yes
Rimbey 704 416 59.94% 278 40.06% 10 7 Yes
Rocky Mountain House 1,707 966 57.84% 704 42.16% 37 34 Yes
Rocky View County 11,540 5,505 48.56% 5,831 51.44% 204 171 No
Rockyford 115 67 59.29% 46 40.71% 2 2 Yes
Rosalind 67 33 49.25% 34 50.75% 0 0 No
Rosemary 112 62 55.86% 49 44.14% 1 1 Yes
Rycroft 159 96 60.38% 63 39.62% 0 0 Yes
Ryley 178 118 67.43% 57 32.57% 3 3 Yes
Saddle Hills County 727 347 48.74% 365 51.26% 15 13 No
Sedgewick 323 145 45.45% 174 54.55% 4 4 No
Sexsmith 467 215 46.34% 249 53.66% 3 3 No
Slave Lake 1,440 754 52.47% 683 47.53% 3 0 Yes
Smoky Lake 487 271 60.63% 176 39.37% 40 40 Yes
Smoky Lake County 1,035 558 58.13% 402 41.88% 75 74 Yes
Spirit River 250 135 54.88% 111 45.12% 4 4 Yes
Spring Lake 175 96 55.81% 76 44.19% 3 0 Yes
Spruce Grove 7,960 3,827 49.03% 3,978 50.97% 155 153 No
St. Albert 17,826 7,374 42.35% 10,038 57.65% 414 408 No
St. Paul 1,367 782 61.14% 497 38.86% 88 36 Yes
Standard 123 81 66.94% 40 33.06% 2 2 Yes
Starland County 543 279 53.86% 239 46.14% 25 13 Yes
Stavely 194 102 56.04% 80 43.96% 12 12 Yes
Stettler 1,362 704 52.97% 625 47.03% 33 15 Yes
Stirling 208 135 65.22% 72 34.78% 1 0 Yes
Stony Plain 4,327 2,127 51.19% 2,028 48.81% 172 126 Yes
Strathcona County 30,501 13,657 45.72% 16,213 54.28% 631 624 No
Strathmore 3,631 1,778 50.93% 1,713 49.07% 140 139 Yes
Sturgeon County 4,554 2,198 49.28% 2,262 50.72% 94 93 No
Summer Village of Burnstick Lake 7 4 57.14% 3 42.86% 0 0 Yes
Summer Village of Golden Days 42 21 50.00% 21 50.00% 0 0 N/A
Summer Village of Gull Lake 71 36 51.43% 34 48.57% 1 1 Yes
Summer Village of Horseshoe Bay 19 12 63.16% 7 36.84% 0 0 Yes
Summer Village of Larkspur 2 1 50.00% 1 50.00% 0 0 N/A
Summer Village of Parkland Beach 32 15 46.88% 17 53.13% 0 0 No
Summer Village of Silver Beach 5 2 40.00% 3 60.00% 0 0 No
Summer Village of Sundance Beach 18 4 22.22% 14 77.78% 0 0 No
Summer Village of Waiparous 17 5 31.25% 11 68.75% 1 0 No
Sundre 885 500 57.87% 364 42.13% 21 21 Yes
Swan Hills 413 254 62.41% 153 37.59% 6 6 Yes
Sylvan Lake 3,448 1,887 55.80% 1,495 44.20% 66 62 Yes
Taber 2,081 1,179 59.55% 801 40.45% 101 101 Yes
Thorhild County 1,147 634 56.16% 495 43.84% 18 16 Yes
Thorsby 400 203 51.13% 194 48.87% 3 3 Yes
Three Hills 1,101 604 57.20% 452 42.80% 45 24 Yes
Tofield 409 213 52.85% 190 47.15% 6 5 Yes
Trochu 354 176 50.43% 173 49.57% 5 4 Yes
Turner Valley 731 379 53.61% 328 46.39% 24 20 Yes
Two Hills 279 163 61.05% 104 38.95% 12 12 Yes
Valleyview 447 238 55.09% 194 44.91% 15 15 Yes
Vauxhall 173 84 49.70% 85 50.30% 4 2 No
Vegreville 1,760 995 58.22% 714 41.78% 51 47 Yes
Vermilion 1,204 677 56.23% 527 43.77% 0 0 Yes
Veteran 56 41 73.21% 15 26.79% 0 0 Yes
Viking 381 212 59.05% 147 40.95% 22 9 Yes
Vilna 72 48 66.67% 24 33.33% 0 0 Yes
Vulcan 454 246 54.79% 203 45.21% 5 4 Yes
Vulcan County 826 375 45.90% 442 54.10% 9 7 No
Wainwright 1,619 962 60.69% 623 39.31% 34 24 Yes
Warburg 176 108 61.71% 67 38.29% 1 1 Yes
Warner 184 114 66.28% 58 33.72% 12 11 Yes
Waskatenau 35 22 62.86% 13 37.14% 0 0 Yes
Wembley 273 133 49.26% 137 50.74% 3 3 No
Westlock 1,173 656 56.94% 496 43.06% 21 17 Yes
Westlock County 1,987 1,052 53.65% 909 46.35% 26 24 Yes
Wetaskiwin 3,422 1,740 54.98% 1,425 45.02% 257 234 Yes
Wheatland County 2,106 1,051 51.39% 994 48.61% 61 46 Yes
Whitecourt 2,131 1,084 52.75% 971 47.25% 76 73 Yes
Woodlands County 1,606 868 54.56% 723 45.44% 15 9 Yes
Yellowhead County 3,061 1,812 60.16% 1,200 39.84% 49 47 Yes
Youngstown 38 12 33.33% 24 66.67% 2 1 No
Provincial Total 1,092,960 531,782 49.76% 536,874 50.24% 24,304 22,907 No

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b conducted the referendum and reported on behalf of Allison Bay Indian Reserve #219, Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, Chipewyan Prairie First Nation, Cold Lake First Nations, Cold Lake Indian Reserve #149, Cold Lake Indian Reserve #149A, Cold Lake Indian Reserve #149B, Cold Lake Indian Reserve #149C, Dog Head Indian Reserve #218, Eden Valley Indian Reserve #216, Fort McKay First Nation, Fort McKay Indian Reserve #174, Fort McMurray #468 First Nation, Frog Lake First Nation, Gregoire Lake Indian Reserve #176, Gregoire Lake Indian Reserve #176A, Improvement District No. 24 (Wood Buffalo), Janvier Indian Reserve #194, Kananaskis Improvement District, Kehewin Cree Nation, Kehewin Indian Reserve #123, Loon Lake Indian Reserve #235, Loon River Cree, Lubicon Lake Band, Mikisew Cree First Nation, Peigan Indian Reserve #147, Piikani Nation, Puskiakiwenin Indian Reserve #122, Special Areas Board, Stoney (Bearspaw) First Nation, Stoney (Chiniki) First Nation, Stoney (Wesley) First Nation, Stoney Indian Reserve No. 142, 143 & 144 (Morley), Stoney Nakoda Nation, Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation, Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve #154, Sturgeon Lake Indian Reserve #154A, Summer Village of Birch Cove, Summer Village of Ghost Lake, Thabacha Nare #196, Thebathi #196, Unipouheos Indian Reserve #121, Utikoomak Lake Indian Reserve #155, Utikoomak Lake Indian Reserve #155A, Whitefish (Goodfish) Lake First Nation, Whitefish Lake First Nation, Woodland Cree First Nation, Woodland Cree Indian Reserve #226, Woodland Cree Indian Reserve #228

References[edit]

  1. ^ Joannou, Ashley (June 17, 2020). "Kenney says Alberta will hold referendum on equalization in 2021 as Fair Deal Panel offers 25 recommendations". Edmonton Journal. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  2. ^ Anderson, Drew (July 15, 2021). "Premier Jason Kenney announces equalization, daylight saving referendums". CBC News. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
  3. ^ Lachacz, Adam (August 9, 2021). "It's official: Alberta to vote on daylight saving time and equalization in October referendum". CTV News. Edmonton. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d Béland, David; Lecours, André; Paquet, Mireille; Tombe, Trevor (2020). "A Critical Juncture in Fiscal Federalism? Canada's Response to COVID-19". Canadian Journal of Political Science. 53 (2): 239–243. doi:10.1017/S0008423920000323. PMC 7198463.
  5. ^ Brassard-Dion 2020, p. 12.
  6. ^ Brassard-Dion 2020, p. 11.
  7. ^ Reiger, Sarah (July 28, 2020). "Alberta becoming a 'have not' province doesn't change issues with federation, Kenney says". CBC News. Calgary. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  8. ^ a b Brassard-Dion 2020, p. 4.
  9. ^ Canada. Expert Panel on Equalization and Territorial Formula Financing (May 2006). Achieving a National Purpose: Putting Equalization Back on Track (PDF). Ottawa: Department of Finance Canada. ISBN 0-662-42568-5.
  10. ^ Leavitt, Kieran (August 20, 2019). "Alberta's equalization referendum 'political science fiction,' experts say". The Star. Edmonton. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  11. ^ An Act Respecting the use of Daylight Saving Time within the Province, SA 1948, c 18, retrieved from CanLII on July 21, 2021
  12. ^ "DLT Will Become Effective Here on April 27". Edmonton Bulletin. April 19, 1947.
  13. ^ "Daylight Saving Vote Sought". Edmonton Journal. July 9, 1963. p. 31. ProQuest 2396983702.
  14. ^ Cove, Lynne (March 11, 1964). "Under the Dome". Calgary Herald. Edmonton. p. 1. ProQuest 2253643631.
  15. ^ "Daylight Time: Legislature Votes to Hold Plebiscite". Edmonton Journal. February 25, 1966. p. 15. ProQuest 2397521988.
  16. ^ An Act to amend The Daylight Saving Time Act, SA 1966, c 27, retrieved from CanLII on July 21, 2021
  17. ^ "Daylight Saving...Everyone Out Of Step". Calgary Herald. April 29, 1967. p. 31. ProQuest 2253792698.
  18. ^ Bell, Bob (April 17, 1969). "Alberta to get DST plebiscite". Edmonton Journal. p. 29. ProQuest 2397475495.
  19. ^ Hull, Ken (August 31, 1971). "Alberta lets more sun in". Calgary Herald. p. 1. ProQuest 2258311130.
  20. ^ "Tories put stress on human rights". Calgary Herald. March 2, 1972. p. 1. ProQuest 2258361856.
  21. ^ "DST Starts April 30". Edmonton Journal. March 15, 1972. p. 1. ProQuest 2397658522.
  22. ^ Horne, Devin (November 6, 2017). "Jason Kenney promises referendum on equalization payments if feds continue to push carbon tax". Global News. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  23. ^ United Conservatives: Alberta Strong & Free. Getting Alberta Back to Work (PDF). United Conservative Party. April 2019.
  24. ^ "Kenney promises referendum on equalization in 2021 if no pipeline progress". CTV News. The Canadian Press. March 21, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  25. ^ Rieger, Sarah (November 9, 2019). "Alberta addresses separatist sentiment by studying measures that would give province more autonomy". CBC News. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  26. ^ "Members, mandate for Fair Deal Panel announced". Government of Alberta. November 9, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  27. ^ Alberta. Fair Deal Panel (May 2020). Fair Deal Panel: Report to Government (PDF). Edmonton: Treasury Board and Finance.
  28. ^ Joannou, Ashley (June 17, 2020). "Kenney says Alberta will hold referendum on equalization in 2021 as Fair Deal Panel offers 25 recommendations". Edmonton Journal. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  29. ^ Bennett, Dean (June 17, 2020). "Alberta premier promises referendum on equalization reform". Global News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  30. ^ Kornik, Slav (April 20, 2021). "Alberta legislation would permit cabinet ministers to get involved in referendums". Global News. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  31. ^ a b Coyne, Andrew (June 9, 2021). "Alberta's equalization vote is nonsense, but it might prove to be useful nonsense". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  32. ^ a b c d Gee, Zachary (August 4, 2021). "Can a Provincial Referendum Trigger a Legal Duty to Enter Constitutional Negotiations? Alberta's 2021 Equalization Referendum and the Reference re Secession of Quebec". Centre for Constitutional Studies. University of Alberta. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  33. ^ Knopff, Rainer (February 1, 2020). "Opinion: Here's how Alberta can force the provinces to renegotiate equalization". Calgary Herald. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  34. ^ a b Adams, Eric M. (June 28, 2021). "Jason Kenney's equalization referendum is built on a crucial misinterpretation". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  35. ^ Kenney, Jason (June 7, 2021). Standing up for Albertans (press conference). Government of Alberta. Retrieved August 17, 2021 – via YouTube.
  36. ^ Morton, Ted (February 27, 2021). "Morton: Alberta's equalization referendum will start dialogue on Canada's future". Calgary Herald. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  37. ^ "Alberta moves forward on equalization referendum, with vote proposed in October". Global News. The Canadian Press. June 7, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  38. ^ "Order in Council 242/2021". Queen's Printer. August 9, 2021.
  39. ^ "Referendum Results - Equalization - October 18, 2021". Elections Alberta. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  40. ^ "Referendum Results - Daylight Savings Time - October 18, 2021". Elections Alberta. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
Works cited
  • Brassard-Dion, Nikola (2020). "Oil Rents and the Politics of Equalization in Canadian Federalism". Forum of Federations. Occasional Paper Series (46). ISSN 1922-5598.
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