User:Mr. Ibrahem/Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder
Other names	Frozen shoulder
The right shoulder & glenohumeral joint.
Specialty	Orthopedics
Symptoms	Shoulder pain, stiffness
Complications	Fracture of the humerus, biceps tendon rupture
Usual onset	40 to 60 year old
Duration	May last years
Types	Primary, secondary
Causes	Often unknown, prior shoulder injury
Risk factors	Diabetes, hypothyroidism
Differential diagnosis	Pinched nerve, autoimmune disease, biceps tendinopathy, osteoarthritis, rotator cuff tear, cancer, bursitis
Treatment	NSAIDs, physical therapy, steroids, injecting the shoulder at high pressure, surgery
Frequency	~4%

Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is a condition associated with shoulder pain and stiffness. There is a loss of the ability to move the shoulder, both voluntarily and by others, in multiple directions. The shoulder itself; however, does not generally hurt significantly when touched. Muscle loss around the shoulder may also occur. Onset is gradual over weeks to months. Complications can include fracture of the humerus or biceps tendon rupture.

The cause in most cases is unknown. The condition can also occur after injury or surgery to the shoulder. Risk factors include diabetes and thyroid disease. The underlying mechanism involves Inflammation and scarring. The diagnosis is generally based on a person's symptoms and a physical exam. The diagnosis may be supported by an MRI.

The condition often resolves over time without intervention but this may take several years. While a number of treatments such as NSAIDs, physical therapy, steroids, and injecting the shoulder at high pressure may be tried it is unclear what is best. Surgery may be suggested for those who do not get better after a few months. About 4% of people are affected. It is more common in people 40–60 years of age and in women.