Portal:Coffee

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The Coffee Portal

Introduction

Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.

The seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often added to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.

Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking as the modern beverage appears in modern-day Yemen in southern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to how it is now prepared for drinking. The coffee beans were procured by the Yemenis from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries, and cultivated in Yemen. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe. (Full article...)

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Coffee production in Colombia has a reputation for producing mild, well-balanced coffee beans. Colombia's average annual coffee production of 11.5 million bags is the third total highest in the world, after Brazil and Vietnam, though highest in terms of the arabica bean. The beans are exported to United States, Germany, France, Japan, and Italy. Most coffee is grown in the Colombian coffee growing axis region, while other regions focus on quality instead of volumes, such as Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In 2007, the European Union granted Colombian coffee a protected designation of origin status. In 2011, UNESCO declared the "Coffee Cultural Landscape" of Colombia, a World Heritage site.

The coffee plant had spread to Colombia by 1790. The oldest written testimony of the presence of coffee in Colombia is attributed to a Jesuit priest, José Gumilla. In his book The Orinoco Illustrated (1730), he registered the presence of coffee in the mission of Saint Teresa of Tabajé, near where the Meta river empties into the Orinoco. Further testimony comes from the archbishop-viceroy Caballero y Gongora (1787) who registered the presence of the crop in the north east of the country near Giron (Santander) and Muzo (Boyaca) in a report that he provided to the Spanish authorities. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various coffee-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Inside of a kopitiam, Malaysia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 2Trieste from where the cappuccino spread (from Coffeehouse)
Image 3Centre Place, Melbourne. Australia and New Zealand have competing claims as being the birthplace of the "flat white". (from Coffeehouse)
Image 4Rumah Loer, a contemporary-style coffee shop (Indonesian: rumah kopi kekinian) in Palembang, Indonesia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 5Family in Söderhamn, Sweden, seated for fika (c. 1916) (from Coffee culture)
Image 6The Grey Owl Coffee shop in Norman, Oklahoma (from Coffeehouse)
Image 7Coffeehouses often sell pastries or other food items. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 8Commercial espresso machine (from Coffee preparation)
Image 9A coffeehouse in Cairo, 18th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 10The Coffee Bearer by John Frederick Lewis (1857) (from History of coffee)
Image 11Statue of Fernando Pessoa by Lagoa Henriques, next to the A Brasileira café, in Chiado, Lisbon. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 12Coffee plantation (from History of coffee)
Image 13A 1652 handbill advertising coffee for sale in St. Michael's Alley, London (from History of coffee)
Image 14Moka pot (from Coffee preparation)
Image 15A coffeehouse in Damascus (2003) (from Coffee culture)
Image 16Café Kampela, Helsinki (from Coffeehouse)
Image 17Kaffa kalid coffeepot, by French silversmith François-Thomas Germain, 1757, silver with ebony handle, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 18A coffee bearer, from the Ottoman quarters in Cairo (1857) (from Coffee culture)
Image 1918th century French plan of Mocha, Yemen. The Somali, Jewish and European quarters are located outside the citadel. The Dutch, English, Turkish and French trading posts are inside the city walls. (from History of coffee)
Image 20Café Mélange, Vienna (from Coffeehouse)
Image 21Wheel coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 22In a pour-over, the water passes through the coffee grounds, gaining soluble compounds to form coffee. Insoluble compounds remain within the coffee filter. (from Coffee preparation)
Image 23Interior of an espresso bar from Baliuag, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 24Syrian Bedouin from a beehive village in Aleppo, Syria, sipping the traditional murra (bitter) coffee, 1930 (from History of coffee)
Image 25Dutch engraving of Mocha in 1692 (from History of coffee)
Image 26A coffee shop in Angeles City, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 27Home espresso machine without pump (only with steam pressure) (from Coffee preparation)
Image 28The Café de Flore in Paris is one of the oldest coffeehouses in the city. It is celebrated for its famous clientele, which included high-profile writers and philosophers. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 29Cafés in central Tirana (2017) (from Coffee culture)
Image 30"Discussing the War in a Paris Café", The Illustrated London News, 17 September 1870 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 31Café Tortoni is an emblematic café in Buenos Aires. Frequented by Jorge Luis Borges among many other figures of Argentina. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 32Allow cold brew to steep for 8 to 24 hours (from Coffee preparation)
Image 33Caffè Florian in Venice (from Coffeehouse)
Image 34A shop specialised in drip coffee in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (from Coffeehouse)
Image 35Moka 2 Cup Coffee Fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 36The word coffee in various European languages (from Coffeehouse)
Image 37Caffè Florian in Venice (2015) (from Coffee culture)
Image 38The Federal Coffee Palace, built on Collins Street, Melbourne, in 1888, was the largest and grandest Coffee Palace ever built. It was demolished in 1973. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 39Coffee house culture between Vienna and Trieste: the coffee, the newspaper, the glass of water and the marble tabletop (from History of coffee)
Image 40Drip coffee maker (from Coffee preparation)
Image 41An espresso by the glass in Trieste - in the local dialect "Nero in B" (from Coffee culture)
Image 42Café neon sign in Breda (from Coffeehouse)
Image 43Filter coffee being brewed (from Coffee preparation)
Image 44Monsooned Malabar arabica, compared with green Yirgachefe beans from Ethiopia (from History of coffee)
Image 45Dutch coffee-roasting machine, c. 1920 (from Coffee preparation)
Image 46Single serve Vietnamese drip filter (from Coffee preparation)
Image 47Central European Habsburg coffee house culture: news, coffee, the glass of water and the marble table top (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 48Home espresso machine with pump (from Coffee preparation)
Image 49Various grinders for coffee and spices (from Coffee preparation)
Image 50Café Zimmermann, Leipzig (engraving by Johann Georg Schreiber, 1732) (from History of coffee)
Image 51A variation on the moka pot with the upper section formed as a coffee fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 52Coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 53A cup of coffee with cheesecake at a cafe in Helsinki, Finland (from Coffee culture)
Image 54Roadside café on the summer terrace. Buryatia, Russia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 55Pope Clement VIII: The Pope who popularised coffee in Europe among Christians (from History of coffee)
Image 56Palestinian women grinding coffee, 1905 (from History of coffee)
Image 57A Viennese café (from Coffeehouse)
Image 58Les Deux Magots in Paris, once a famous haunt of French intellectuals (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 59A café in a former church, Utrecht (from Coffeehouse)
Image 60A Viennese coffeehouse (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 61A coffee shop at a library in Melbourne (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 62A coffeehouse in London, 17th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 63Coffeepot (cafetière "campanienne"), part of a service, 1836, hard-paste porcelain, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 64Coffee break in Belgrade (2013) (from Coffee culture)
Image 65Caffè San Marco in Trieste, known for its artists, writers and intellectuals (2014) (from Coffee culture)
Image 66Caffe Reggio on MacDougal Street in New York City's Greenwich Village which was founded in 1927 (from Coffeehouse)

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... that Carpenter's Coffee House in Covent Garden, London, became known as "The Finish" as it was the place revellers went when all the other coffee houses and taverns closed?

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Ristretto (Italian: [risˈtretto]) is a "short shot" (20 ml (0.7 imp fl oz; 0.7 US fl oz) from a double basket) of a more highly concentrated espresso coffee. It is made with the same amount of ground coffee, but extracted with a finer grind (also in from 20 to 30 seconds) using half as much water. A normal short shot might look like a ristretto, but in reality, would only be a weaker, more diluted, shot. The opposite of a ristretto (Italian for 'shortened', 'narrow') is a lungo ('long'), which has double the amount of water. The French call a ristretto a café serré.

Regardless of whether one uses a hand pressed machine or an automatic, a regular double shot is generally considered to be around 14–18 g (0.49–0.63 oz) of ground coffee extracted into about 40 ml (2 fl oz; two shot glasses). Thus, a "double ristretto" consumes the same amount of coffee beans but fills only a single shot glass. (Full article...)

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Vietnamese iced coffee

Credit: Mike Verdone

Vietnamese iced coffee at its simplest is made with finely ground Vietnamese-grown dark roast coffee individually brewed with a small metal French drip filter (cà phê phin) into a cup containing about a quarter to a half as much sweetened condensed milk, stirred and poured over ice.

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... that Arab Coffeehouse depicts Henri Matisse's visit to Tangier, where he saw its locals gaze for hours into fishbowls?
... that Steem peanut butter contained as much caffeine per serving as two cups of coffee?
... that Bob Dylan poked Emmylou Harris when he wanted her to start singing during the recording of "One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below)"?
... that in a copyright infringement case over a coffee-table history of the Grateful Dead, the Second Circuit held that a reuser can still claim fair use despite negotiating with the rights holder?
... that during the October 1980 West Nile campaign, rebels were initially hailed as "liberators", only for them to start looting coffee?
... that actor Tatsunari Kimura ate pancakes and drank coffee while talking for eight hours during the filming of the television drama Old-Fashioned Cupcake?
... that the Claudia Quintet was born out of an incident at alt.coffee?
... that Monmouth Coffee Company in Covent Garden was one of the foundations for the third wave of coffee in London?

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Web resources

World Coffee Research – a 501 (c)(5) nonprofit program of the international coffee industry. (Wikipedia article: World Coffee Research)
Coffee Research Foundation – based in Kenya, and founded in 1908
Central Coffee Research Institute – based in Chickmagalur District, India, and founded in 1915

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v t e Coffee
Topics	Economics Fair trade History International Coffee Day Single-origin coffee Third-wave coffee
Production	Coffee production Organic coffee Shade-grown coffee Sustainable coffee List of countries by coffee production Coffee roasting Coffee wastewater Decaffeination Home roasting
Species and varieties	Arabica Benguet Blue Mountain Bonifieur Bourbon Geisha Kona Maracaturra Maragogipe Molokai S795 Sagada Charrieriana Liberica Barako Racemosa Robusta Sulu
Components	Cafestol Caffeic acid Caffeine Coffee bean Furan-2-ylmethanethiol Kahweol
Preparation	AeroPress Arabic coffee Jebena Brewed coffee Chemex Cezve Chorreador Coffeemaker Cold brew nitro Drip coffee Espresso doppio lungo ristretto Espresso machine French drip Karlsbad coffee maker French press Instant coffee Coffee syrup Knockbox Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot Percolator Turkish coffee Vacuum maker Single-serve coffee container
Coffee drinks	Affogato Americano Beaten coffee Bica Bicerin Black Russian Cà phê sữa đá Café au lait Café com cheirinho Café con leche Café de olla Café Touba Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Caffè mocha Cappuccino Carajillo Coffee cabinet Coffee milk Cortado Café Cubano Dalgona coffee Egg coffee Espresso Flat white Frappé coffee Frappuccino Galão Garoto Gassosa al caffè Iced coffee Indian filter coffee Ipoh white coffee Irish coffee Karsk Kopi Kopi luwak Kopi tubruk Kurdish coffee Latte macchiato Latte Liqueur coffee Long black Lungo Marocchino Mazagran Moretta Oliang Raf coffee Red eye Ristretto Rüdesheimer Kaffee Tenom coffee Turkish coffee White coffee White Russian Wiener Melange Yuenyeung
Organization lists	Bakery cafés Coffee companies Coffeehouses
Lifestyle	Barista Bikini barista Caffè sospeso Coffee break Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea CoffeeCon Coffee culture Coffee cupping Coffee palace Coffeehouse Historical coffeehouses Kopi tiam Latte art Viennese coffee house
Substitutes	Barley coffee Barley tea Barleycup Caro Cereal coffee Chicory Dandelion coffee Inka Maya nut Postum Qishr
Serving vessels	Coffee cup sleeve Cezve Demitasse spoon Tasse à café Zarf
Competitions	United States Barista Championship World Barista Championship World Brewers Cup
Misc.	Coffee and doughnuts Coffee bag Coffee service Coffee leaf rust Coffee wars Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment Canned coffee Coffee vending machine Used coffee grounds Sustainable coffee
Coffee portal Category: Coffee

v t e Coffee production by region
Top 20 producers (2014)	Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Guatemala Honduras India Indonesia Java Ivory Coast Mexico Nicaragua Papua New Guinea Peru Tanzania Thailand Uganda Vietnam
Other cultivators	Angola Bolivia China Cameroon Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo East Timor Guadeloupe Guam Haiti Jamaica Kenya Laos Martinique Panama Paraguay Philippines Puerto Rico Sri Lanka United States (Hawaii) Venezuela
Lists	List of countries by coffee production List of countries by coffee exports

v t e Coffee in Italy
Roasters	illy Lavazza Massimo Zanetti Beverage Group Caffè Pascucci Caffè del Doge Guglielmo Caffè
Historical Coffeehouses	Antico Caffè Greco Caffè Bardi Caffè-Pasticceria Cova Caffè Florian Caffè Giubbe Rosse Caffè Lavena Caffè Michelangiolo Caffè Quadri Caffè San Marco Caffè Fiorio Caffè Gambrinus Gran Caffè Doney Palazzina Majani, Bologna Pedrocchi Café Antico Caffè Spinnato
People	Alfonso Bialetti Francesco Illy Luigi Lavazza Angelo Moriondo
Technology	Bialetti Caffitaly Cimbali FrancisFrancis De'Longhi Elektra Faema Gaggia La Marzocco Lelit Rancilio Saeco Smeg
Drinks	Affogato Barbajada Bicerin Bombardino Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Espressino Espresso Lungo Ristretto Doppio Latte macchiato Marocchino Mocaccino Shakerato Gassosa al caffè Moretta
Other	Barista Caffè sospeso Easy Serving Espresso Pod Espresso machine IperEspresso ISSpresso Lavazza A Modo Mio Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot