User:Mr. Ibrahem/Central retinal artery occlusion
| Central retinal artery occlusion | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Cherry red spot in a person with central retinal artery occlusion | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Symptoms | Painless loss of vision in one eye[1] |
| Usual onset | Sudden[1] |
| Causes | Atherosclerosis, vasculitis, collagen-vascular disease, hypercoagulable state[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, retinal detachment, vitreous bleed[2] |
| Treatment | Controversial[3] |
| Prognosis | Permanent vision loss[1] |
| Frequency | 1 in 50,000 people per year[3] |
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is the sudden blockage of the central retinal artery of the eye.[2] Symptoms include painless loss of vision in one eye.[1] Onset is sudden.[1] Complications can include glaucoma and vitreous bleeding.[1]
Causes may include atherosclerosis, collagen-vascular disease, inflammatory conditions, and hypercoagulable states.[2] It most commonly occurs due to an embolism, possibly from the carotid arteries or heart valves.[2] Other causes include vasculitis related to lupus or temporal arteritis.[1] Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes.[2] Diagnosis is by funduscopic examination.[1]
Treatment is controversial.[3] Efforts may include decreasing intraocular pressure to try to dislodge the clot.[1] This may be done with the use of timolol eye drops or acetazolamide.[1] Some have tried massage of the eye and thrombolysis is being studied.[1][3] Some degree of permanent vision loss in the effected eye often results.[1]
CRAO occurs in about 1 in 50,000 people a year.[3] It occurs more commonly in older people; with more than 90% of cases occurring in people over the age of 40.[3][4] Males are affected more often than females.[4] The condition was first described in 1859 by von Graefe.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion and Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion - Eye Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Farris, William; Waymack, James R. (2022). "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Mac Grory, Brian; Lavin, Patrick; Kirshner, Howard; Schrag, Matthew (February 2020). "Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion". Stroke. 51 (2): 687–695. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027478.
- ^ a b c Wilkinson, Charles P.; Hinton, David R.; Sadda, SriniVas R.; Wiedemann, Peter (17 April 2017). Ryan's Retina E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1136. ISBN 978-0-323-40198-2. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.