2022–23 CFR Cluj season

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CFR Cluj
2022–23 season
OwnerIoan Varga
ChairmanCristian Balaj
ManagerDan Petrescu
StadiumStadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Liga I2nd
Cupa RomânieiGroup stage
Supercupa RomânieiRunners-up
UEFA Champions LeagueFirst qualifying round
UEFA Europa Conference LeagueKnockout round play-offs
Top goalscorerLeague:
Cephas Malele
Karlo Muhar
(4 each)

All:
Ciprian Deac
Rangelo Janga
Cephas Malele
(5 each)
2023–24 →
All statistics correct as of 23 February 2023.

The 2022–23 CFR Cluj season is the club's 115th season in existence and the 19th consecutive season in the top flight of Romanian football. In addition to the domestic league, CFR Cluj are participating in this season's edition of the Cupa României, the Supercupa României, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa Conference League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023.

Players[edit]

First-team squad[edit]

As of 20 October 2022[1][2]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Italy ITA Simone Scuffet
2 DF Croatia CRO Karlo Bručić
3 DF Romania ROU Andrei Burcă (3rd captain)
4 DF Romania ROU Cristian Manea
6 DF Cameroon CMR Jean-Claude Billong
7 FW Portugal POR Zé Gomes
8 MF Brazil BRA Roger
9 FW Switzerland SUI Cephas Malele (on loan from Al-Tai)
10 MF Romania ROU Ciprian Deac (Vice-captain)
11 MF Romania ROU Claudiu Petrila
12 GK Romania ROU Mihai Pânzariu
15 FW Ghana GHA Emmanuel Yeboah
20 MF Denmark DEN Vito Hammershøy-Mistrati
21 MF Ghana GHA Nana Boateng
22 FW Croatia CRO Gabriel Debeljuh
23 GK Romania ROU Rareș Gal
24 DF Romania ROU Rareș Bălan
No. Pos. Nation Player
28 MF Romania ROU Ovidiu Hoban (4th captain)
30 FW Romania ROU Daniel Bîrligea
32 FW Curaçao CUW Rangelo Janga
33 DF Croatia CRO Denis Kolinger (on loan from Vejle)
34 GK Romania ROU Cristian Bălgrădean
37 MF Romania ROU Mihai Bordeianu
40 MF Croatia CRO Lovro Cvek
44 DF Brazil BRA Yuri Matias
45 DF Romania ROU Mário Camora (Captain)
47 DF Germany GER Christopher Braun
73 MF Croatia CRO Karlo Muhar
75 MF Romania ROU Adrian Gîdea
76 MF Romania ROU Tudor Lucaci
90 GK Romania ROU Răzvan Sava
92 DF Senegal SEN Ibrahima Mbaye
94 MF Romania ROU Cătălin Itu
99 FW Romania ROU Sergiu Buș

Other players under contract[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
MF Mauritania MTN Guessouma Fofana

Out on loan[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
17 FW Spain ESP Jefté Betancor (to Pafos)
82 MF Romania ROU Alin Fică (to Politehnica Iași)
86 FW Romania ROU Denis Rusu (to CS Unirea Ungheni)
89 GK Romania ROU Otto Hindrich (to Kisvárda)
92 MF Romania ROU George Leață (to CSM Slatina)
DF Ivory Coast CIV Abdoulaye Niakate (to Minaur Baia Mare)
No. Pos. Nation Player
MF Romania ROU Adrian Păun (to Hapoel Be'er Sheva)
MF Romania ROU Sergiu Luca (to Gloria Bistrița)
MF Ivory Coast CIV Ricky Gnéba (to Minaur Baia Mare)
FW Ivory Coast CIV Kevin Bakare (to Minaur Baia Mare)
FW Moldova MDA Gheorghe Gondiu (to CSM Sighetu Marmației)

Pre-season and friendlies[edit]

  Win   Draw   Loss   Fixtures

18 June 2022 Friendly Koper Slovenia 0–2 Romania CFR Cluj Gornja Radgona, Slovenia
17:30 CEST (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Stadion Gornja Radgona
21 June 2022 Friendly Napredak Kruševac Serbia 0–3 Romania CFR Cluj Gornja Radgona, Slovenia
18:00 CEST (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Stadion Gornja Radgona
24 June 2022 Friendly Partizan Serbia 0–1 Romania CFR Cluj Gornja Radgona, Slovenia
17:30 CEST (UTC+2) Report Stadium: Stadion Gornja Radgona
25 June 2022 Friendly Hajduk Split Croatia 0–2 Romania CFR Cluj Dietersdorf bei Fürstenfeld, Austria
18:00 CEST (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Sportplatz Dietersdorf
Referee: Michael Steindl
11 January 2023 Friendly Holstein Kiel Germany 1–1 Romania CFR Cluj Oliva, Spain
15:15 CET (UTC+1)
Stadium: Oliva Nova Golf & Beach Resort Campo 1

Competitions[edit]

Overview[edit]

Competition First match Last match Starting round Final position Record
Pld W D L GF GA GD Win %
Liga I 16 July 2022 May 2023 Matchday 1 26 17 2 7 41 23 +18 065.38
Cupa României 10 November 2022 Group stage 1 0 1 0 1 1 +0 000.00
Supercupa României 9 July 2022 Final 1 0 0 1 1 2 −1 000.00
UEFA Champions League 5 July 2022 13 July 2022 First qualifying round First qualifying round 2 0 2 0 2 2 +0 000.00
UEFA Europa Conference League 21 July 2022 23 February 2023 Second qualifying round 14 6 5 3 11 7 +4 042.86
Total 44 23 10 11 56 35 +21 052.27

Last updated: 23 February 2023
Source: Soccerway

Liga I[edit]

Results summary[edit]

Overall Home Away
Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts W D L GF GA GD W D L GF GA GD
15 10 1 4 26 15  +11 31 7 0 2 18 8  +10 3 1 2 8 7  +1

Last updated: 7 November 2022.
Source: Liga 1

Results by round[edit]

Round123456789101112131415161718
GroundHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAAHA
ResultWLWWLPLWPWWWDWWLW
Position595147106754433333
Updated to match(es) played on 7 November 2022. Source: Liga 1
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

Regular season[edit]

Table[edit]

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1 Farul Constanța 30 19 7 4 54 28 +26 64 Qualification for the Play-off round
2 CFR Cluj 30 20 3 7 54 28 +26 63
3 FCSB 30 17 6 7 51 35 +16 57
4 Universitatea Craiova 30 16 6 8 37 27 +10 54
5 Rapid București 30 15 7 8 40 26 +14 52
Source: LPF (in Romanian) Soccerway
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Head-to-head goals scored; 5) Goal difference; 6) Goals scored; 7) Play-off.[3]
Matches[edit]

The league fixtures were announced on 1 July 2022.[4]

16 July 2022 1 CFR Cluj 1–0 Rapid București Cluj-Napoca
21:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Sebastian Colțescu
24 July 2022 2 FC U Craiova 1948 3–1 CFR Cluj Craiova
16:00 EEST (UTC+3)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Ion Oblemenco
Referee: Andrei Chivulete
30 July 2022 3 CFR Cluj 4–2 Mioveni Cluj-Napoca
21:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Bogdan Dumitrache
7 August 2022 4 Chindia Târgoviște 0–2 CFR Cluj Ploiești
18:30 EEST (UTC+3) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Ilie Oană
Referee: Iulian Călin
14 August 2022 5 CFR Cluj 0–1 Botoșani Cluj-Napoca
18:30 EEST (UTC+3) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: George Găman
28 August 2022 7 CFR Cluj 1–3 Farul Constanța Cluj-Napoca
18:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Radu Petrescu
31 August 2022 8 CFR Cluj 4–0 Voluntari Cluj-Napoca
19:15 EEST (UTC+3) Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Horia Mladinovici
11 September 2022 10 CFR Cluj 2–0 Universitatea Craiova Cluj-Napoca
21:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Andrei Chivulete
19 September 2022 11 Argeș Pitești 0–1 CFR Cluj Pitești
20:30 EEST (UTC+3) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Nicolae Dobrin
Referee: Marcel Bîrsan
1 October 2022 12 CFR Cluj 1–0 Petrolul Ploiești Cluj-Napoca
21:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Cătălin Popa
10 October 2022 13 UTA Arad 1–1 CFR Cluj Arad
20:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Francisc von Neuman
Referee: Ionuţ Coza
17 October 2022 14 CFR Cluj 2–1 Sepsi OSK Cluj-Napoca
21:00 EEST (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: István Kovács
23 October 2022 15 Universitatea Cluj 1–2 CFR Cluj Cluj-Napoca
21:00 EEST (UTC+3)
Report
Stadium: Cluj Arena
Referee: Radu Petrescu
30 October 2022 16 Rapid București 2–1 CFR Cluj Bucharest
21:00 EET (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Superbet Arena-Giulești
Referee: Cătălin Popa
7 November 2022 17 CFR Cluj 3–1 FC U Craiova 1948 Cluj-Napoca
21:00 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Florin Andrei
13 November 2022 18 Mioveni 0–1 CFR Cluj Mioveni
18:00 EET (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Orășenesc
Referee: Horia Mladinovici
30 November 2022 6 Hermannstadt 2–3 CFR Cluj Mediaș
19:00 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Municipal Gaz Metan
Referee: Andrei Moroiță
4 December 2022 19 CFR Cluj 2–0 Chindia Târgoviște Cluj-Napoca
15:30 EET (UTC+2)
Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Marian Barbu
11 December 2022 20 Botoșani 1–1 CFR Cluj Botoșani
17:30 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Municipal
Referee: Szabolcs Kovacs
15 December 2022 9 FCSB 0–1 CFR Cluj Bucharest
20:00 EET (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Arena Națională
Referee: István Kovács
20 December 2022 21 CFR Cluj 0–1 Hermannstadt Cluj-Napoca
20:00 EET (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Andrei Chivulete
23 January 2023 22 Farul Constanța 0–3 CFR Cluj Ovidiu
20:00 EET (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Central Stadium
Referee: István Kovács
30 January 2023 23 Voluntari 0–1 CFR Cluj Voluntari
20:00 EET (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Anghel Iordănescu
Referee: Adrian Cojocaru
5 February 2023 24 CFR Cluj 0–1 FCSB Cluj-Napoca
21:00 EET (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Sebastian Colțescu
11 February 2023 25 Universitatea Craiova 2–0 CFR Cluj Craiova
20:00 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Ion Oblemenco
Referee: Marcel Bîrsan
19 February 2023 26 CFR Cluj 3–1 Argeș Pitești Cluj-Napoca
17:00 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Viorel Flueran
27 February 2023 27 Petrolul Ploiești 2–5 CFR Cluj Ploiești
20:00 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Ilie Oană
Referee: George Găman
2 March 2023 28 CFR Cluj 2–1 UTA Arad Cluj-Napoca
17:00 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Lucian Rusandu
6 March 2023 29 Sepsi OSK 2–2 CFR Cluj Sfântu Gheorghe
20:30 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Sepsi Arena Stadium
Referee: Sebastian Colțescu
13 March 2023 30 CFR Cluj 4–0 Universitatea Cluj Cluj-Napoca
20:30 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Marcel Bîrsan

Play-off round[edit]

Table[edit]

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification FAR FCS CFR CRA RAP SPS
1 Farul Constanța (C) 10 6 3 1 22 13 +9 53 Qualification to Champions League first qualifying round 3–2 1–0 3–2 7–2 2–1
2 FCSB 10 5 2 3 15 15 0 46 Qualification to Europa Conference League second qualifying round 2–1 1–0 1–1 1–5 3–1
3 CFR Cluj (O) 10 2 4 4 11 14 −3 42 Qualification to European competition play-offs 1–2 1–1 1–1 2–2 2–1
4 Universitatea Craiova 10 3 4 3 15 14 +1 40 1–1 1–2 1–1 3–1 0–1
5 Rapid București 10 3 3 4 17 20 −3 38 1–1 1–0 3–1 2–3 0–0
6 Sepsi OSK[a] 10 2 2 6 10 14 −4 29 Qualification to Europa Conference League second qualifying round 1–1 1–2 1–2 1–2 2–0
Source: Soccerway, FRF (in Romanian), LPF (in Romanian)
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Points without rounding; 3) Head-to-head points; 4) Head-to-head goal difference; 5) Head-to-head goals scored; 6) Goal difference; 7) Goals scored; 8) Play-off (only if needed to decide champion or teams for UEFA competitions). (Note: only criteria 6 and 7 are applied to establish the classification during the competition.)[5]
(C) Champions; (O) Play-off winners
Notes:
  1. ^ Cup winner
Matches[edit]
19 March 2023 1 CFR Cluj 2–2 Rapid București Cluj-Napoca
19:00 EET (UTC+2)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Andrei Chivulete
2 April 2023 2 Universitatea Craiova 1–1 CFR Cluj Craiova
21:00 EEST (UTC+3)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Ion Oblemenco
Referee: István Kovács
9 April 2023 3 CFR Cluj 1–1 FCSB Cluj-Napoca
21:00 EEST (UTC+3) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Radu Petrescu
15 April 2023 4 CFR Cluj 2–1 Sepsi OSK Cluj-Napoca
19:00 EEST (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Iulian Călin
22 April 2023 5 Farul Constanța 1–0 CFR Cluj Ovidiu
20:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: Central Stadium
Referee: Sebastian Colțescu
1 May 2023 6 Rapid București 3–1 CFR Cluj Bucharest
20:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report
Stadium: Superbet Arena-Giulești
Referee: Marcel Bîrsan
14 May 2023 8 FCSB 1–0 CFR Cluj Bucharest
21:00 EEST (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: Arena Națională
Referee: Sebastian Colțescu
20 May 2023 9 Sepsi OSK 1–2 CFR Cluj Sfântu Gheorghe
20:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report
Stadium: Sepsi Arena Stadium
Referee: Adrian Costreie
28 May 2023 10 CFR Cluj 1–2 Farul Constanța Cluj-Napoca
21:00 EEST (UTC+3) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Marcel Bîrsan

Cupa României[edit]

Group stage[edit]

20 October 2022 1 Universitatea Cluj 1–1 CFR Cluj Cluj-Napoca
21:00 EEST (UTC+3)
Stadium: Cluj Arena
10 November 2022 2 Dumbrăvița 0–5 CFR Cluj Cluj-Napoca
18:15 EET (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Referee: Romania Robert Avram
7 December 2022 3 Farul Constanța v CFR Cluj TBD
--:-- EET (UTC+2)

Supercupa României[edit]

9 July 2022 Final CFR Cluj 1–2 Sepsi Sfântu Gheorghe Arad
20:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report
Stadium: Stadionul Francisc von Neuman
Attendance: 10,571
Referee: Adrian Cojocaru

UEFA Champions League[edit]

First qualifying round[edit]

5 July 2022 First leg Pyunik Armenia 0–0 Romania CFR Cluj Yerevan, Armenia
20:00 AMT (UTC+4) Report Stadium: Vazgen Sargsyan Republican Stadium
Attendance: 8,000
Referee: Bastian Dankert (Germany)
13 July 2022 Second leg CFR Cluj Romania 2–2 (a.e.t.)
(2–2 agg.)
(3–4 p)
Armenia Pyunik Cluj-Napoca, Romania
21:30 EEST (UTC+3) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Attendance: 7,017
Referee: Michael Fabbri (Italy)
Penalties

UEFA Europa Conference League[edit]

Second qualifying round[edit]

21 July 2022 First leg CFR Cluj Romania 3–0 Andorra Inter Club d'Escaldes Cluj-Napoca, Romania
20:30 EEST (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Attendance: 4,421
Referee: Alex Troleis (Faroe Islands)
27 July 2022 Second leg Inter Club d'Escaldes Andorra 1–1
(1–4 agg.)
Romania CFR Cluj Andorra la Vella, Andorra
19:00 CEST (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Estadi Comunal
Attendance: 242
Referee: Kristoffer Hagenes (Norway)

Third qualifying round[edit]

4 August 2022 First leg Shakhtyor Soligorsk Belarus 0–0 Romania CFR Cluj Adapazarı, Turkey
20:00 TRT (UTC+3) Report Stadium: New Sakarya Stadium
Attendance: 0
Referee: Ioannis Papadopoulos (Greece)
Note: Due to the country's involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Belarusian teams were required to play their home matches at neutral venues and behind closed doors until further notice.[6]
11 August 2022 Second leg CFR Cluj Romania 1–0
(1–0 agg.)
Belarus Shakhtyor Soligorsk Cluj-Napoca, Romania
20:00 EEST (UTC+3) Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Attendance: 6,700
Referee: Morten Krogh (Denmark)

Play-off round[edit]

18 August 2022 First leg Maribor Slovenia 0–0 Romania CFR Cluj Maribor, Slovenia
20:15 CEST (UTC+2) Report Stadium: Ljudski vrt
Attendance: 4,500
Referee: Pavel Orel (Czech Republic)
25 August 2022 Second leg CFR Cluj Romania 1–0
(1–0 agg.)
Slovenia Maribor Cluj-Napoca, Romania
20:00 EEST (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Attendance: 9,852
Referee: John Beaton (Scotland)

Group stage[edit]

The draw for the group stage was held on 26 August 2022.

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification SIV CLJ SLP BLK
1 Turkey Sivasspor 6 3 2 1 11 7 +4 11 Advance to round of 16 3–0 1–1 3–4
2 Romania CFR Cluj 6 3 1 2 5 5 0 10 Advance to knockout round play-offs 0–1 2–0 1–0
3 Czech Republic Slavia Prague 6 2 2 2 6 7 −1 8 1–1 0–1 3–2
4 Kosovo Ballkani 6 1 1 4 8 11 −3 4 1–2 1–1 0–1
Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
8 September 2022 1 Ballkani Kosovo 1–1 Romania CFR Cluj Pristina
18:45 CEST (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Fadil Vokrri Stadium
Attendance: 5,673
Referee: Urs Schnyder (Switzerland)
Note: Ballkani played their home matches at Fadil Vokrri Stadium, Pristina, instead of their regular stadium, Suva Reka City Stadium, Suhareka, which did not meet UEFA requirements.
15 September 2022 2 CFR Cluj Romania 0–1 Turkey Sivasspor Cluj-Napoca, Romania
19:45 EEST (UTC+3) Report
Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Attendance: 7,026
Referee: Allard Lindhout (Netherlands)
6 October 2022 3 Slavia Prague Czech Republic 0–1 Romania CFR Cluj Prague, Czech Republic
21:00 CEST (UTC+2) Report
Stadium: Fortuna Arena
Attendance: 18,271
Referee: Fabio Maresca (Italy)
13 October 2022 4 CFR Cluj Romania 2–0 Czech Republic Slavia Prague Cluj-Napoca, Romania
19:45 EEST (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Attendance: 11,218
Referee: Luís Godinho (Portugal)
27 October 2022 5 Sivasspor Turkey 3–0 Romania CFR Cluj Sivas, Turkey
22:00 TRT (UTC+3)
Report Stadium: New Sivas 4 Eylül Stadium
Attendance: 6,050
Referee: Rohit Saggi (Norway)
3 November 2022 6 CFR Cluj Romania 1–0 Kosovo Ballkani Cluj-Napoca, Romania
19:45 EET (UTC+2) Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu
Attendance: 11,723
Referee: Daniel Schlager (Germany)

Knockout phase[edit]

Knockout round play-offs[edit]

The draw for the knockout round play-offs was held on 7 November 2022.

16 February 2023 First leg Lazio Italy 1–0 Romania CFR Cluj Rome, Italy
21:00 CET (UTC+1)
Report Stadium: Stadio Olimpico
Referee: Craig Pawson (England)
23 February 2023 Second leg CFR Cluj Romania 0–0
(0–1 agg.)
Italy Lazio Cluj-Napoca, Romania
19:45 EET (UTC+2) Report Stadium: Stadionul Dr. Constantin Rădulescu

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Echipa" [Squad] (in Romanian). CFR Cluj. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  2. ^ "FC CFR 1907 CLUJ" (in Romanian). Liga Profesionistă de Fotbal. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Liga I 2022/2023". Soccerway. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  4. ^ "Programul complet al etapelor din Superliga 2022–2023". July 2022.
  5. ^ "FRF - Regulamentul de Organizare a activitatii fotbalistice" (PDF). Romanian Football Federation (in Romanian). pp. 29–30, article 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  6. ^ "Belarus teams to play on neutral ground in UEFA competitions". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.