Zoarcoidei
| Zoarcoidei | |
|---|---|
| |
| Atlantic wolffish Anarhichas lupus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Suborder: | Zoarcoidei Gill, 1893[1] |
| Families | |
|
see text | |
Zoarcoidei is a suborder of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Scorpaeniformes. The suborder includes the wolffishes, gunnels and eelpouts. The suborder includes about 400 species. These fishes predominantly found in the boreal seas of the northern hemisphere but they have colonised the southern hemisphere.
Taxonomy[edit]
Zoarcoidei was first proposed as a taxonomic grouping by the American zoologist Theodore Gill in 1893 as the superfamily Zoarceoidea.[1] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the Zoarcoidei as a suborder within the order Scorpaeniformes.[2] Other authorities classify this taxon as the infraorder Zoarcales within the suborder Cottoidei of the Perciformes because removing the Scorpaeniformes from the Perciformes renders that taxon non monophyletic.[3] The monophyly of this grouping has still not been fully ascertained but it is generally accepted that the most basal family is Bathymasteridae.[2]
Timeline[edit]
Superfamilies and Families[edit]
Zoarcoidei has the following superfamilies and families classified under it:[2][4]
- Superfamily:Anarhichadoidea
- Family:Anarhichadidae Bonaparte, 1835 (wolffishes)
- Family:Cryptacanthodidae Gill, 1861
- Family:Pholidae Gill, 1893 (gunnels)
- Family:Stichaeidae Gill, 1864 (pricklebacks)
- Superfamily:Bathymasteroidea
- Family:Ptilichthyidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 (Quillfish)
- Family:Bathymasteridae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 (ronquils)
- Superfamily:Zaproroidea
- Family:Scytalinidae Jordan & Starks, 1895
- Family:Zaproridae Jordan, 1896 (prowfish)
- Superfamily:Zoarcoidea
- Family:Eulophiidae H. M. Smith, 1902 (Spinous eelpouts)[5]
- Family:Zoarcidae Swainson, 1839 (eelpouts)
Etymology[edit]
Zoarcoidei is based on the genus name Zoarces which was coined by Georges Cuvier in 1829 and which means "live bearing", as in the type species Zoarces viviparus, the viviparous blenny.[6]
Characteristics[edit]
The Zoarcoidei families all share a single feature, the possession of a single nostril, and there is no other features or group of features which mark out the Zoarcoids as a taxonomic grouping.[2]
Distribution[edit]
The Zoarcoidei is thought to have originated in the northern hemisphere, particularly the northwestern Pacific Ocean and one of the families, the Zoarcidae, has colonised the southern hemisphere on a number of occasions.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b M. Eric Anderson (1994). "Systematics and Osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)". Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology (60). hdl:10962/d1019910. ISSN 0073-4381.
- ^ a b c d J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 478–482. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
- ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
- ^ Hyuck Joon Kwun; Jin-Koo Kim (2003). "Molecular phylogeny and new classification of the genera Eulophias and Zoarchias (PISCES, Zoarcoidei)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 787–795. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.025.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (6 May 2022). "Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Family Zoarcidae (eelpouts)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ^ Radchenko, Olga (2016). "Timeline of the evolution of eelpouts from the suborder Zoarcoidei (Perciformes) based on DNA variability". Journal of Ichthyology. 56 (4): 556–568. doi:10.1134/S0032945216040123. S2CID 255269520.
- Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-18.