Western Qin

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Western Qin (西秦)
苑川 (387–388)
河南 (388–389, 394, 411–414)
金城 (389–394)
梁 (394–395)
秦 (395–400, 409–411, 414–431)
  • 385–400, 409–431
Western Qin and its neighbors in 391 AD
Western Qin and its neighbors in 391 AD
Western Qin and its neighbors in 423 AD
Western Qin and its neighbors in 423 AD
StatusVassal of Former Qin, Later Qin, Jin Dynasty (266–420), Northern Wei
CapitalYongshicheng (385–386)
Wanchuan (386–388, 400, 410–412)
Jincheng (388–395)
Xicheng (395–400)
Dujianshan (409–410)
Tanjiao (412)
Fuhan (412–429)
Dinglian (429–430)
Nan'an (430–431)
GovernmentMonarchy
King 
• 385–388
Qifu Guoren
• 388–400, 409–412
Qifu Qiangui
• 412–428
Qifu Chipan
• 428–431
Qifu Mumo
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Former Qin
Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)
Northern Liang
Today part ofChina

The Western Qin (Chinese: 西秦; pinyin: Xī Qín; 385–400, 409–431) was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Qifu clan of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms.[1] All rulers of the Western Qin declared themselves "wang", translatable as either "king" or "prince." They ruled an area corresponding to modern-day southwestern Gansu in Northwest China.

Rulers of the Western Qin[edit]

Temple name Posthumous name Personal name Durations of reign Era names
Liezu Xuanlie Qifu Guoren 385–388 Jianyi (建義) 385–388
Gaozu Wuyuan Qifu Qiangui 388–400, 409–412 Taichu (太初) 388–400
Gengshi (更始) 409–412
Taizu Wenzhao Qifu Chipan 412–428 Yongkang (永康) 412–419
Jianhong (建弘) 420–428
Qifu Mumo 428–431 Yonghong (永弘) 428–431

The family tree of Western Qin rulers[edit]

Western Qin
Qifu Sifan 乞伏司繁
(d. 376)
Qifu Guoren 乞伏国仁 (d. 388)
Xuanlie 宣烈
r. 385–388
Qifu Qiangui 乞伏乾归 (d. 412)
Wuyuan 武元
r. 388–400; 409–412
Qifu Gongfu 乞伏公府Qifu Achai 乞伏阿柴Qifu Chipan 乞伏熾磐 (d. 428)
Wenzhao 文昭
r. 412–428
Qifu Yuanji 乞伏元基Qifu Mumo 乞伏暮末
d. 431; r. 428–431
Qifu Wanzai 乞伏万载


Language[edit]

Shimunek classifies Qifu as a "Serbi" (i.e., para-Mongolic) language. Shimunek's "Serbi" linguistic branch also includes Taghbach, Tuyuhun, and Khitan.[2]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp. 59–60. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.
  2. ^ Shimunek, Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. OCLC 993110372.