List of vice presidents of the Philippines

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Official seal of the Vice President of the Philippines, made of blue, white, yellow and red colors. "Sagisag Ng Pangalawang Pangulo Ng Pilipinas" (in all caps) is written along the circumference.
The official seal of the vice-president of the Philippines

The vice president of the Philippines is the second-highest executive official in the government of the Philippines. The vice president is directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term, and may be a cabinet member without confirmation from the Commission on Appointments and is first in the presidential line of succession.[1] There have been 15 vice presidents.[2]

History[edit]

The office of vice president was initially created following the ratification of the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, which states that the vice-president shall be elected by direct vote of the people.[3] Vice presidents during the Commonwealth of the Philippines were under American sovereignty,[4] and there was no office of vice president during the Second Republic,[5] which was considered to be a puppet state of Imperial Japan during World War II.[6] During the martial law declared by President Ferdinand Marcos from 1972 to 1981, the office of the vice-president was abolished and the sitting vice-president, Fernando Lopez, was removed from the office.[5] Though the 1973 Constitution initially did not provide for a vice president, subsequent amendments restored the office.[5] A vice president was appointed after the 1986 election when Marcos and Arturo Tolentino were proclaimed as winners by the Batasang Pambansa. However, in 1986, the People Power Revolution overthrew Marcos' dictatorship and repealed the 1973 Constitution.[5][7] In 2013, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines through Resolution No. 2, series of 2013 declared that Tolentino is not part of the official list of Vice-Presidents of the Philippines.[8] The subsequently formed 1987 Constitution of the Philippines was established, which states that: "There shall be a vice-president who shall have the same qualifications and term of office and be elected with, and in the same manner, as the president."[9]

Before the ratification of the 1987 constitution, in case of an intra-term vacancy, there was no process to appoint a new vice president until after the next election.[5] However, after the ratification of the 1987 constitution, the president could nominate a vice president in case of an intra-term vacancy from a member of the congress, whom both houses vote separately for confirmation by a majority vote.[9] In 2001, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo became president after the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that President Joseph Estrada resigned.[10] A few days later, she appointed Teofisto Guingona as the vice president.[11] Guingona is the only person being unelected to the position.[12]

Three vice presidents have succeeded to the presidency due to the death of presidents: Sergio Osmeña in 1944,[13] Elpidio Quirino in 1948,[14] and Carlos P. Garcia in 1957.[15] Fernando Lopez was the longest-serving vice-president, who served for a combined total of almost 11 years. Elpidio Quirino served the shortest time as vice-president for approximately 1 year 11 months. Sara Duterte is the current vice president.[2]

Vice presidents[edit]

No. Portrait Name
(Lifespan)
Party Term Election President Era
1 Sergio Osmeña
(1869–1964)
[16]
Nacionalista November 15, 1935

August 1, 1944[a]
(9 years, 106 days)
1935 Manuel L. Quezon Commonwealth
1941
Office vacant (August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946)[b] Sergio Osmeña
2 Elpidio Quirino
(1890–1956)
[17]
Liberal May 28, 1946

April 17, 1948[a]
(1 year, 323 days)
1946 Manuel Roxas
Third Republic
Office vacant (April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1949)[b] Elpidio Quirino
3 Fernando Lopez
(1904–1993)
[18]
Liberal
(until 1953)
December 30, 1949

December 30, 1953
(4 years)
1949
Democratic
(from 1953)
4 Carlos P. Garcia
(1896–1971)
[19]
Nacionalista December 30, 1953

March 17, 1957[a]
(3 years, 77 days)
1953 Ramon Magsaysay
Office vacant (March 17, 1957 – December 30, 1957)[b] Carlos P. Garcia[c]
5 Diosdado Macapagal
(1910–1997)
[20]
Liberal December 30, 1957

December 30, 1961
(4 years)
1957
6 Emmanuel Pelaez
(1915–2003)
[21]
Liberal December 30, 1961

December 30, 1965
(4 years)
1961 Diosdado Macapagal
Nacionalista
(from 1964)
7 Fernando Lopez
(1904–1993)
[22]
Nacionalista December 30, 1965

January 17, 1973
(7 years, 18 days)
1965 Ferdinand Marcos
1969
Martial Law
Office abolished (January 17, 1973 – January 27, 1984)[d]
Fourth Republic
Office vacant (January 27, 1984 – February 25, 1986)[e]
8 Salvador Laurel
(1928–2004)
[23]
UNIDO
(until 1988)
February 25, 1986

June 30, 1992
(6 years, 126 days)
1986[f] Corazon Aquino[g] Provisional Government
Fifth Republic
Nacionalista
(from 1988)
9 Joseph Estrada
(born 1937)
[24]
NPC
(until 1997)
June 30, 1992

June 30, 1998
(6 years)
1992 Fidel V. Ramos[h]
LAMMP
(from 1997)
10 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
(born 1947)
[25]
Lakas–NUCD June 30, 1998

January 20, 2001[a]
(2 years, 204 days)
1998 Joseph Estrada[i]
Office vacant (January 20 – February 7, 2001) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo[j]
11 Teofisto Guingona Jr.
(born 1928)
[26]
Lakas–NUCD
(until 2003)
February 7, 2001

June 30, 2004
(3 years, 144 days)
Independent
(from 2003)
12 Noli de Castro
(born 1949)
[27]
Independent June 30, 2004

June 30, 2010
(6 years)
2004
13 Jejomar Binay
(born 1942)
[28]
PDP–Laban
(until 2012)
June 30, 2010

June 30, 2016
(6 years)
2010 Benigno Aquino III[k]
UNA
(from 2012)
14 Leni Robredo
(born 1965)
[29]
Liberal June 30, 2016

June 30, 2022
(6 years)
2016 Rodrigo Duterte[l]
15 Sara Duterte
(born 1978)
[30]
Lakas–CMD
(until 2023)
June 30, 2022

present
(1 year, 273 days)
2022 Bongbong Marcos[m]
Hugpong ng Pagbabago[n]

Timeline[edit]

Sara DuterteLeni RobredoJejomar BinayNoli de CastroTeofisto Guingona Jr.Gloria Macapagal ArroyoJoseph EstradaSalvador LaurelFernando LopezEmmanuel PelaezDiosdado MacapagalCarlos P. GarciaElpidio QuirinoSergio Osmeña


Unofficial vice presidents[edit]

Historians and other figures have identified the following people as having held the vice-presidency of a government intended to represent the Philippines, but their terms of office are not counted by the Philippine government as part of the presidential succession.

The inclusion of Mariano Trías in the list is disputed, because Trias was chosen as vice-president at the Tejeros Convention, and again as vice-president for the short-lived Republic of Biak-na-Bato, which was dissolved after the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and Aguinaldo's exile. Neither the reassumption of power by Emilio Aguinaldo when the revolution was resumed in May 1898 nor his formal proclamation and inauguration as president under the First Philippine Republic in 1899 were regimes that provided for a vice-presidency.[31]

Portrait Name
(Lifespan)
Party Term President Era
Mariano Trías
(1868–1914)
[32]
None[o] March 22, 1897 – January 23, 1899
(1 year, 307 days)
Emilio Aguinaldo Tejeros Convention
Republic of Biak-na-Bato
Francisco Carreón
(1868–1939/1941)
[33]
None[o] May 6, 1902 – July 14, 1906[p]
(3 years, 296 days)
Macario Sakay Tagalog Republic
Ramón Avanceña
(1872–1957)
[34]
Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
Association for Service to the New Philippines
October 14, 1943 – January 15, 1944
(93 days)
Jose P. Laurel Second Republic
Benigno Aquino Sr.
(1894–1947)
[34]
Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas
Association for Service to the New Philippines
January 15, 1944 – August 17, 1945
(1 year, 272 days)
Ramón Avanceña
(1872–1957)
[34]
Liberal Party December 30, 1948 – December 30, 1949
(1 year, 0 days)
Elpidio Quirino Third Republic
Arturo Tolentino
(1910–2004)
[35]
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
New Society Movement
February 16, 1986 – February 25, 1986[q]
(9 days)
Ferdinand Marcos Fourth Republic

Vice presidents later served as president[edit]

Vice presidents[edit]

Vice president President served under Year(s) served Notes
Sergio Osmeña Manuel L. Quezon 1935–1944 Osmeña succeeded Quezon, after the latter's death
Elpidio Quirino Manuel Roxas 1946–1948 Quirino succeeded Roxas, after the latter's death; ran and won a full term in 1949.
Carlos P. Garcia Ramon Magsaysay 1953–1957 Garcia succeeded Magsaysay, after the latter's death; ran and won a full term in 1957.
Diosdado Macapagal Carlos P. Garcia 1957–1961 Macapagal defeated Garcia in 1961.
Joseph Estrada Fidel V. Ramos 1992–1998 Estrada ran for a full term in 1998.
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Joseph Estrada 1998–2001 Arroyo succeeded Estrada, after the latter's resignation; ran and won a full term in 2004.

List of vice presidents by offices held before vice presidency[edit]

Executive branch[edit]

Cabinet secretaries (as full-time)[edit]

The following cabinet secretaries are only served for fulltime. Vice presidents served as cabinet secretary concurrently, and post-vice presidency positions are not included.

Secretary Office President served under Year(s) served
Elpidio Quirino Secretary of Finance Manuel Quezon 1934–1936
Secretary of Interior 1935–1938
Teofisto Guingona, Jr. Secretary of Justice Fidel V. Ramos 1995–1998

Other positions (as full-time)[edit]

Name Office President served under Year(s) served
Teofisto Guingona Chairman, Commission on Audit Corazon Aquino 1986–1987
Executive Secretary of the Philippines Fidel V. Ramos 1993–1995
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry Corazon Aquino 1987–1992
Jejomar Binay Chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Corazon Aquino 1990–1991
Joseph Estrada 1999–2001

Legislative[edit]

Senators[edit]

Senator District Year(s) served Notes
Sergio Osmeña 10th 1922–1935 First vice president to serve as president pro tempore (1922–1934)
Elpidio Quirino 1st 1925–1935; 1945–1946 Second vice president to serve as president pro tempore (1945–1946)
Fernando Lopez At-large 1947–1949 As a Liberal
1953–1965 As a Democrat and Nacionalista; third vice president to serve as president pro tempore (1958–1965); Only former vice president to be elected again in the same position.
Carlos P. Garcia 1945–1953 First vice president to serve as the minority floor leader (1946–1953)
Emmanuel Pelaez 1953–1959 Only former vice president elected in the Senate
Salvador Laurel 1967–1972 Did not finished term due to martial law
Joseph Estrada 1987–1992
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 1992–1998 First term only three years; did not finished second term, won vice presidency
Teofisto Guingona, Jr. 1987–1993 Second vice president to serve as president pro tempore (1987–1990)

Only vice president to serve as the majority floor leader (1990–1991); did not finish second term, appointed as the executive secretary

1998–2001 Second and last vice president to be the minority floor leader, 1998–2001

Did not finished term, appointed to the vice presidency

Noli De Castro 2001–2004 Did not finished term, won vice presidency

Congressman/Representatives/Assemblyman[edit]

Legislator District Lower House Name Year(s) served Notes
Sergio Osmeña Cebu 2nd Philippine Assembly 1907–1916 First president to serve as speaker (1907–1916)
House of Representatives 1916–1922
Elpidio Quirino Ilocos Sur 1st House of Representatives 1919–1925
Carlos P. Garcia Bohol 3rd 1925–1931
Diosdado Macapagal Pampanga 1st 1949–1957
Leni Robredo Camarines Sur 3rd 2013– 2016 Only one term congressperson won the vice presidency

Local government[edit]

Governors[edit]

Governor Province Year(s) served Notes
Sergio Osmeña Cebu 1904–1907
Carlos P. Garcia Bohol 1933–1941
Jejomar Binay Metro Manila 1987–1988 Acting/Interim basis

Mayors[edit]

Mayor Province Year(s) served Notes
Fernando Lopez Iloilo 1945–1947 Appointed
Joseph Estrada San Juan 1969–1986 Only former vice president served as mayor and only former vice president to serve as mayor to another city (2013–2019)
Jejomar Binay Makati 1986–1987 OIC mayor
1988–1998 Elected; first vice president without congressional experience.
2001–2010
Sara Duterte Davao City 2010–2013; 2016–2022 Only vice president served as vice mayor (2007–2010); second vice president without congressional experience.

Vice presidents by offices concurrently held[edit]

Cabinet secretaries[edit]

Secretary Office President served under Year(s) served
Sergio Osmeña Secretary of Public Instruction Manuel Quezon 1935–1940
Secretary of Public Instruction, Health, and Public Welfare 1941–1944
Elpidio Quirino Secretary of Foreign Affairs Manuel Roxas 1946–1950
Fernando Lopez Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources Elpidio Quirino 1949–1953
Ferdinand Marcos 1965–1971
Carlos P. Garcia Secretary of Foreign Affairs Ramon Magsaysay 1953–1957
Emmanuel Pelaez Diosdado Macapagal 1961– 1963
Salvador Laurel Corazon Aquino 1986–1987
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Secretary of Social Welfare and Development Joseph Estrada 1998–2000
Teofisto Guingona, Jr. Secretary of Foreign Affairs Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2001–2002
Sara Duterte Secretary of Education Bongbong Marcos 2022–present

Other positions[edit]

Name Office President served under Year(s) served
Joseph Estrada Chairman of the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission Fidel V. Ramos 1992–1997
Noli De Castro Chairman of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2004–2010
Jejomar Binay Chairman of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council Benigno Aquino III 2010–2015
Presidential Adviser for Overseas Filipino Workers
Leni Robredo Chairperson of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council Rodrigo Duterte 2016
Co-Chairperson of the Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs 2019

List of vice presidents by age[edit]

No. President Born Age at start of vice presidency Age at end of presidency Post-vice presidency timespan Lifespan
Died Age
1 Sergio Osmeña September 9, 1878 57 years, 2 months, 7 days
November 15, 1935
65 years, 10 months, 23 days
August 1, 1944
17 years, 2 months, 8 days October 19, 1961 83 years
2 Elpidio Quirino November 16, 1890 55 years, 6 months, 12 day
May 28, 1946
57 years, 5 months, 1 day
April 17, 1948
9 years, 9 month, 1 days February 29, 1956 65 years
3 Fernando Lopez April 13, 1904 45 years, 8 months, 17 days
December 30, 1949
49 years old, 8 months, 17 days
December 30, 1953
16 years, 0 month, 0 days May 26, 1993 89 years
4 Carlos P. Garcia November 4, 1896 57 years, 1 months, 26 days
December 30, 1953
60 years, 5 months, 14 days
March 18, 1957
14 years, 2 months, 27 days June 14, 1971 74 years
5 Diosdado Macapagal September 28, 1910 47 years, 3 months, 2 days
December 30, 1957
51 years, 3 months, 2 days
December 30, 1961
35 years, 3 months, 28 days April 21, 1997 86 years
6 Emmanuel Pelaez November 30, 1915 46 years, 1 month, 0 day
December 30, 1961
50 years, 1 month, 0 day
December 30, 1965
37 years, 6 months, 27 days July 27, 2003 87 years
7 Fernando Lopez April 13, 1904 59 years, 5 months, 5 days
December 30, 1965
68 years, 5 months, 10 days
September 23, 1972
20 years, 8 months, 5 days May 26, 1993 89 years
8 Salvador Laurel November 18, 1928 57 years old, 3 months, 7 days
February 25, 1986
63 years old, 7 months, 12 days
June 30, 1992
11 years, 6 month, 28 days January 27, 2004 75 years
9 Joseph Estrada April 19, 1937 55 years, 2 months, 17 days
June 30, 1992
61 years, 2 months, 11 days
June 30, 1998
(Living) (Living) 86 years
10 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo April 5, 1947 51 years, 2 months, 25 days
June 30, 1998
53 years, 9 months, 15 days
January 20, 2001
(Living) (Living) 76 years
11 Teofisto Guingona Jr. July 4, 1928 72 years, 7 months, 3 days
February 7, 2001
75 years, 11 months, 26 days
June 30, 2004
(Living) (Living) 95 years
12 Noli De Castro July 6, 1949 54 years, 11 months, 24 days
June 30, 2004
60 years, 11 months, 24 days
June 30, 2010
(Living) (Living) 74 years
13 Jejomar Binay November 11, 1942 67 years, 7 months, 19 days
June 30, 2010
73 years, 7 months, 19 days
June 30, 2016
(Living) (Living) 80 years
14 Leni Robredo April 23, 1965 51 years, 2 months, 7 days
June 30, 2016
57 years, 2 months, 10 days
June 30, 2022
(Living) (Living) 58 years
15 Sara Duterte May 31, 1978 44 years, 0 month, 30 days
June 30, 2022
(Incumbent) (Incumbent) (Living) 45 years

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Succeeded to the presidency.
  2. ^ a b c Under the 1935 Constitution, a vacancy in the vice presidency could not be filled.
  3. ^ Affiliated with the Nacionalista Party.
  4. ^ The 1973 Constitution did not provide for a vice president.
  5. ^ The 1973 Constitution was amended in 1984 to restore the vice presidency, but an election was not called until 1986.
  6. ^ In the 1986 vice presidential election, Arturo Tolentino was declared the winner by the Batasang Pambansa and the Commission on Elections, while Salvador Laurel was declared the winner by the National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections. The fraudulent conduct and disputed result of the election led to the People Power Revolution.
  7. ^ Affiliated with UNIDO at election until 1988.
  8. ^ Affiliated with Lakas–NUCD.
  9. ^ Affiliated with LAMMP.
  10. ^ Affiliated with Lakas–CMD.
  11. ^ Affiliated with the Liberal Party.
  12. ^ Affiliated with the PDP–Laban.
  13. ^ Affiliated with Partido Federal ng Pilipinas.
  14. ^ Affiliated with both Lakas–CMD and Hugpong ng Pagbabago at election; resigned from Lakas–CMD on May 19, 2023.
  15. ^ a b Allied with the Magdalo faction of the revolutionary society Katipunan.
  16. ^ Term ended with his capture by the American Forces.
  17. ^ Term ended when Marcos was overthrown in the 1986 People Power Revolution

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rappler (b) (2021).
  2. ^ a b ABS-CBN news (2016).
  3. ^ Constitution of the Philippines (1935) § Article VII: Executive Department
  4. ^ Ooi (2004), p. 387.
  5. ^ a b c d e Vice president of the Philippines.
  6. ^ Vellut (1964), p. 128.
  7. ^ BBC News (2016).
  8. ^ "Resolution Clarifying the Issue of Legitimacy of the Vice-Presidentcy of Arturo Tolentino in the 1986 Snap Elections" (PDF). National Historical Commission of the Philippines. March 11, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  9. ^ a b Constitution of the Philippines (1987) § Article VII: Executive Department
  10. ^ The Wall Street Journal (2001).
  11. ^ Tehran Times (2001).
  12. ^ Santos, Sammy. "Tito quits Lakas over slow reforms". Philstar.com. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  13. ^ Zaide (1999), pp. 348–349.
  14. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 357.
  15. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 361.
  16. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 42, 118; St. Louis Star-Times (1935); The Caledonian-Record (1935); Zaide (1999), p. 319.
  17. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 119–120; Spokane Chronicle (1946); The Courier-Journal (1948); Zaide (1999), p. 353.
  18. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; The Californian (1949); Senate of the Philippines (a).
  19. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), p. 120; The Spokesman-Review (1953); Fort Worth Star-Telegram (1957); Zaide (1999), p. 361.
  20. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; De Guzman & Reforma (1988), pp. 121–122; The Honolulu Advertiser (1957); Calgary Herald (1961); Zaide (1999), p. 361.
  21. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Guam Daily News (1961); Senate of the Philippines (b); Zaide (1999), p. 362.
  22. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Chicago Tribune (1965); Senate of the Philippines (a); Zaide (1999), p. 363.
  23. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Hartford Courant (1986); The Windsor Star (1992); Zaide (1999), p. 400.
  24. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Encyclopædia Britannica & 2021(a); Senate of the Philippines (c); Economic and Political Weekly; Zaide (1999), p. 407.
  25. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Encyclopædia Britannica & 2021(b); Senate of the Philippines (d); Rodell (2002), p. 219; Zaide (1999), p. 411.
  26. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Senate of the Philippines (e); Gulf News (2001).
  27. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2021); The New York Times (2004).
  28. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2016); The New York Times (2013).
  29. ^ Vice president of the Philippines; Rappler (2016); Reuters (2021).
  30. ^ Reuters (2022).
  31. ^ "Office of the Vice President". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  32. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 247.
  33. ^ National Historical Institute of the Philippines.
  34. ^ a b c Los Angeles Times (1943); The Decatur Daily (1945).
  35. ^ Zaide (1999), p. 398.

Works cited[edit]

Books and journals

Articles

Online sources