List of Buddhist kingdoms and empires

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This list includes Buddhist kingdoms, empires, and khanates in South Asia, South East Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, West Asia and Eastern Europe.

South Asia[edit]

Sri Lanka[edit]

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
 Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of
Anuradhapura Kingdom 437 BCE 1017 CE Anuradhapura Sinhala  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1055 CE 1232 CE Polonnaruwa Sinhala, Sanskrit
Kingdom of Dambadeniya 1220 CE 1345 CE Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Polonnaruwa, Kurunagala Sinhala  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Gampola 1341 CE 1408 CE Gampola Sinhala
Kingdom of Kotte 1412 CE 1597 CE Kotte Sinhala
Kingdom of Sitawaka 1521 CE 1594 CE Sitawaka Sinhala
Kingdom of Kandy 1469 CE 1815 CE Kandy Sinhala, Tamil

India[edit]

Buddhist Kingdoms and Empires in India[1]
  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
 Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of
Magadha 1100 BCE 345 BCE Rajagriha, Pataliputra Sanskrit, Magadhi Prakrit, Ardhamagadhi  India
Kosala 1100 BCE 5th century BCE Ayodhya, Shravasti Sanskrit
Malla 7th century BCE 4th century BCE Kusinara, Pava Prakrit  India
Vajjika League 6th century BCE 468 BCE Vesali Prakrit, Sanskrit
Mauryan Empire 322 BCE 184 BCE Pataliputra Magadhi Prakrit
Western Satraps 35 CE 415 CE Ujjain, Barygaza, Minnagara Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit
Northern Satraps 60 BCE 2nd century CE Sagala, Mathura
Pithipatis of Bodh gaya 11th century CE 13th century CE Bodhgaya  India
Kingdom of Sikkim 1642 CE 1975 CE Yuksom, Rabdentse, Tumlong, Gangtok Chöke, Sikkimese

Bangladesh[edit]

South East Asia[edit]

Indonesia[edit]

Malaysia[edit]

Philippines[edit]

Myanmar[edit]

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
 Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of
Pyu-city State 2nd century BCE 1050 CE Sri Ksetra, Halin, Beikthano, Pinle, Binnaka Pyu  Myanmar
Thaton Kingdom 4th century BCE 1057 May 18 Thaton Mon
Pagan Kingdom 849 CE 1297 CE Pagan Old Burmese, Mon, Pyu
Myinsaing Kingdom 1297 CE 1313 CE Myinsaing, Mekkhaya, Pinle Burmese, Shan, Mon
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287 CE 1552 CE Marthaban, Donwun, Pegu Mon, Old Burmese
Shan States 1215 CE 1885 CE Mogaung Shan, Burmese
Pinya Kingdom 1313 CE 1365 CE Pinya Burmese  Myanmar
Sagaing Kingdom 1315 CE 1365 CE Sagaing Burmese
Kingdom of Ava 1365 CE 1555 CE Sagaing, Pinya, Ava Old Burmese, Shan
Prome Kingdom 1482 CE 1542 CE Prome Burmese
Toungoo dynasty 1510 CE 1752 CE Toungoo, Pegu, Ava Burmese
Konbaung dynasty 1752 CE 1885 CE Shwebo, Sagaing, Ava, Amarapura, Mandalay Burmese

Thailand[edit]

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
 Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of
Dvaravati 7th century CE 11th century CE Mon  Thailand
Lavo Kingdom 648 CE 1388 CE Lavo, Ayutthaya Mon, Old Khmer, Thai
Haripunchai 629 CE 1292 CE Haripunchai Northern Thai, Pali, Mon, Lawa
Ngoenyang 638 CE 1292 CE Hiran, Ngoenyang Northern Thai
Phayao Kingdom 1094 CE 1338 CE Phayao Tai
Sukhothai Kingdom 1238 CE 1584 CE Sukhothai, Song Khwae Sukhothai
Nakhon SI Thammarat Kingdom 13th century CE 1782 CE Nakhon Si Tammarat Southern Thai, Pali, Sanskrit, Malay language, Tamil
Lan Na 1292 CE 1775 January 15 Chiang Rai, Fang, Wiang Kum Kam, Chiang Mai Northern Thai, Burmese language
Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351 CE 1767 CE Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, Lopburi Siamese
Thonburi Kingdom 1767 CE 1782 CE Thonburi Thai
Rattanakosin Kingdom 1782 CE 1932 CE Bangkok Central Thai

Cambodia[edit]

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
 Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of
Chenla 550 CE 802 CE Isanapura Old Khmer, Sanskrit
Khmer Empire 802 CE 1431 CE Mahendraparvata, Hariharalaya, Koh Ker, Yashodharapura Old Khmer, Sanskrit, Dravidian languages
Post-Angkor Period 1431 CE 1863 CE Chaktomuk, Longvek, Lvea Aem, Oudong Middle Khmer, Khmer language

Laos[edit]

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
 Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of
Lan Xang 1353 CE 1707 CE Luang Prabang, Vientiane Lao
Kingdom of Luang Prabang 1707 CE 1893 CE Luang Prabang Lao
Kingdom of Vientiane 1707 CE 1828 CE Vientiane Lao
Kingdom of Champasak 1713 CE 1904 CE Champasak Lao
Muang Phuan 1707 CE 1899 CE Muang Phuan Lao

East Asia[edit]

Northern China and Mongolian Plateau[edit]

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
 Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of
Rouran Khaganate 330 CE 555 CE Gansu, Mumocheng Rouran, Mongolian, Chinese
Uyghur Khaganate 744 CE 847 CE Otuken, Ordu-Baliq Old Uyghur, Middle Chinese
Liao dynasty 916 CE 1125 CE Shangjing Khitan, Middle Chinese, Jurchen
Yuan dynasty 1271 CE 1368 CE Khanbaliq Middle Mongol, Chinese, Old Uyghur
Northern Yuan dynasty 1368 CE 1635 CE Shangdu, Yingchang, Karakorum Mongolian, Chinese, Jurchen
Four Oirat 1399 CE 1634 CE Mongolic (Oirat language)
Bogd Khanate 1911 CE 1924 CE Niislel Khuree Mongolian

Korea[edit]

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
 Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of
Silla 57 BCE 935 CE Seorabeo Old Korean, Middle Chinese
Goguryeo 37 BCE 668 CE Jolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang Goguryeo, Classic Chinese
Baekje 18 BCE 660 CE Wirye, Ungjin Baekje, Classic Chinese
Gaya confederacy 42 CE 562 CE Gaya  South Korea
Balhae 698 CE 926 CE Dunhua GoguryeoTungusic, Middle Chinese
Later Baekje 892 CE 936 CE Wansanju Old Korean, Classic Chinese  South Korea
Unified Silla 668 CE 935 CE Seorabeol Old Korean, Middle Chinese
Taebong 901 CE 918 CE Songak, Cheolwon Old Korean, Classic Chinese
Goryeo 918 CE 1392 CE Gaegyeong Middle Korean, Classic Chinese

Tibetan plateau[edit]

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
 Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today parts of
Tibetan empire 618 CE 842 CE Lhasa Tibetic languages
Phagmodrupa dynasty 1354 CE 1618 CE Nêdong Tibetan language  China
Rinpungpa 1435 CE 1565 CE Shigatse Tibetan language
Tsangpa dynasty 1565 CE 1642 CE Shigatse Tibetan language
Khoshut Khanate 1642 CE 1717 CE Tibetan language, Oirat language
Ganden Phodrang 1642 CE 1959 CE Lhasa Classical Tibetan and Standard Tibetan languages

West Asia, East Europe[edit]

West Asia[edit]

  • Ilkhanate (1256–1295):

East Europe[edit]

Central Asia[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Omvedt, Gail (18 August 2003). Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-7619-9664-4.
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