George Gillespie

For other people named George Gillespie, see George Gillespie (disambiguation).

George Gillespie
Born	(1613-01-21)21 January 1613 Kirkcaldy, Scotland
Died	17 December 1648(1648-12-17) (aged 35) Kirkcaldy, Scotland
Spouse	Margaret Murray
Children	4

George Gillespie (21 January 1613 – 17 December 1648) was a Scottish theologian.

His father was John Gillespie, minister of Kirkcaldy. He studied at St Andrews University, and is said to have graduated M.A. 1629, though the date is probably that on which he entered the University. He became bursar of the Presbytery of Kirkcaldy. He became chaplain to John Viscount Kenmure; to John, Earl of Cassilis, and tutor to his son, James, Lord Kennedy. He was ordained to Wemyss on 26 April 1638. He had calls to Aberdeen and St Andrews. He was translated to Greyfriars, Edinburgh, 23 September 1642.

He was a member of the Westminster Assembly of Divines in 1643, and though the youngest member, by his learning, zeal, and sound judgment, gave essential assistance in the preparation of the Directory and Confession of Faith. He took final leave of Westminster 10 July 1647, and presented the Confession of Faith to the General Assembly on 4 August, obtaining its ratification. Dr Hew Scott says that disposes of the legend which connects him with the Shorter Catechism, which was not begun until 5 August.

Dr Hew Scott mentions the fable that Gillespie drew it up "in the course of a single night." He was elected to St Giles, Edinburgh by the Town Council 22 September 1647, and admitted shortly after that. He was elected Moderator of Assembly 12 July 1648. He died at Kirkcaldy on 16 December 1648.

Family

He married Margaret Murray, who had £1000 sterling voted by Parliament immediately after his death, for the support of herself and family, but, owing to the distractions of the time, it was never paid. His children were:

• Robert Gillespie, baptised 15 May 1643 (who received ordination from the "outed" ministers. Robert was imprisoned in the Bass for preaching at conventicles (1673). Robert subsequently went to England, and died, his widow and children being recommended by Parliament to the royal bounty, 17 July 1695
• George, baptised 20 May 1644
• Archibald, died in 1659
• Elizabeth (married James Oswald, merchant in Edinburgh, afterwards of Fingleton).

Life

Gillespie was born at Kirkcaldy, where his father, John Gillespie, was parish minister. His sister was the Quaker writer, prophet and preacher Lilias Skene. He studied at St. Andrews University as a "presbytery bursar". On graduating he became domestic chaplain to John Gordon, 1st Viscount Kenmure (d. 1634), and afterwards to John Kennedy, 6th Earl of Cassilis. His conscience did not permit him to accept the episcopal ordination, which was at that time an indispensable condition of induction to a parish in Scotland.

In April 1638, soon after the authority of the bishops had been abolished by the nation in Scotland, Gillespie was ordained minister of Wemyss (Fife) by the presbytery of Kirkcaldy. In the same year he was a member of the Glasgow Assembly, before which he preached a sermon, on 21 November, against royal interference in matters ecclesiastical. It was so pronounced as to call for some remonstrance on the part of Argyll, the Lord High Commissioner.

In 1640 he accompanied the commissioners of the peace to England as one of their chaplains. In 1642 Gillespie was translated to Edinburgh; but the remainder of his life was chiefly spent in the conduct of public business in London. From 1643 onward, he was a member of the Westminster Assembly, in which he took a prominent part: he was appointed by the Scottish Church as one of the four commissioners to the Assembly. He was the youngest member at the Assembly, but took a great part in almost all the discussions on church government, discipline, and worship. He strongly supported Presbyterianism by numerous writings, as well as by fluency and readiness in debate. One of the most notable is his well preserved encounter with John Selden on Erastianism and Presbyterian polity.

In 1645 he returned to Scotland, and is said to have drawn the Act of Assembly sanctioning the directory of public worship. On his return to London he had a hand in drafting the Westminster confession of faith, especially chapter I.

Gillespie was elected moderator of the Assembly in 1648, but the duties of that office (the court continued to sit from 12 July to 12 August) told on his health; he fell into consumption, and died in Kirkcaldy on 17 December 1648. In acknowledgment of his public services, a sum of 1000 Scots was voted, although destined never to be paid, to his widow and children by the committee of estates. A simple tombstone, which had been erected to his memory in Kirkcaldy parish church, was, in 1661, publicly broken at the cross by the hand of the common hangman, but was restored in 1746. His son, Robert, was later imprisoned at Bass Rock.

Works

A man of notable intellectual power, he exercised an influence remarkable especially as he died in his 36th year. He was one of the most formidable controversialists of a highly controversial age. His best known work is Aaron's Rod Blossoming, a defense of the ecclesiastical claims of the high Presbyterian party.

While with the Earl of Cassillis he wrote his first work, A Dispute against the English Popish Ceremonies obtruded upon the Church of Scotland, which, published shortly after the "Jenny Geddes" incident (but without the author's name) in the summer of 1637, attracted considerable attention. Within a few months it had been found by the Privy Council to be so damaging that by their orders all available copies were called in and burnt.

His principal publications were controversial and chiefly against Erastianism:

• Three sermons against Thomas Coleman;
• A Sermon before the House of Lords (27 August 1645), on Matt. iii. 2, Nihil Respondem and Male Audis;
• Aaron's Rod Blossoming, or the Divine Ordinance of Church-government vindicated (1646), which is regarded as an able statement of the case for an exclusive spiritual jurisdiction in the church;
• One Hundred and Eleven Propositions concerning the Ministry and Government of the Church (Edinburgh, 1647).

The following were posthumously published by his brother:

• A Treatise of Miscellany Questions (1649);
• The Ark of the New Testament (2 vols., 1661–1667);
• Notes of Debates and Proceedings of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, from February 1644 to January 1645.

See also Works, with memoir, published by William Maxwell Hetherington (Edinburgh, 1843–1846).

• An assertion of the government of the Church of Scotland, in the points of ruling-elders, and of the authority of presbyteries and synods : with a postscript in answer to a treatise lately published against presbyterial government .. (1641)
• An Useful Case of Conscience Discussed and Resolved: Concerning Associations and Confederacies ... (1649)
• The Works of Mr. George Gillespie (Vol. 1 of 2)
• Testimony-bearing exemplified : a collection. Containing, I. Gillepsie against association with malignants; together with the causes of God's wrath, agreed upon by the General assembly of the Church of Scotland, met at Edinburgh, October 1651. II. The informatory vindication; to which is subjoined, a collection of excellent laws, (or Eschol grapes) in favours of our covenanted reformation .. (1791)

• A Dispute against the English Popish Ceremonies obtruded upon the Church of Scotland (1637; another edition, 1844)
• An Assertion of the Church Covenant of Scotland (1641)
• Dialogue between a Civilian and a Divine, concerning the Present Condition of the Church of England (London, 1644)
• A Recrimination in Defence of Presbyterianism (London, 1644)
• Nihil Respondes (London, 1645)
• The True Resolution of a Present Controversy concerning Liberty of Conscience (London, 1645)
• Wholesome Severity reconciled, with Christian Liberty (London, 1645)
• Aaron's Rod Blossoming (London, 1646 )
• Male Audis, an Answer to Coleman's Male Dicis (London, 1646)
• A Treatise of Miscellany Questions (Edinburgh, 1649)
• A Useful Case of Conscience Discussed (Edinburgh, 1649)
• Works, with memoir by W. M. Hetherington, LL.D., 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1843-6)
• Notes of Debates and Proceedings of the Assembly of Divines, edited by David Meek (Edinburgh, 1846).

Bibliography

• Wodrow's Anal, and Hist.
• Livingston's Charac.
• Mitchell and Struthers's Minutes of Westminster Assembly, 1874
• Mitchell's Westminster Assembly, 1884
• Brodie's Diary
• Dictionary of National Biography
• Memoir by Hetherington prefixed to Works;
• Hew Scott's Fasti Eccles. Scotic.;
• Livingstone's Divine Providence exemplified, 1754;
• Wodrow's Analecta (1842) and History (1828);
• Howie's Biographia Scoticana (1781), edition of 1862 (Scots Worthies), p. 353 sq.;
• Grub's Eccl. Hist. of Scotland, 1861, vols. ii. and iii.;
• Anderson's Scottish Nation, 1870, ii. 301;
• Mitchell and Struthers's Minutes of Westm. Assembly, 1874;
• Mitchell's Westm. Assembly, 1883

References

Citations

Sources

• Anderson, William (1877). "Gillespie, George". The Scottish nation: or, The surnames, families, literature, honours, and biographical history of the people of Scotland. Vol. 2. A. Fullarton & co. pp. 301–302. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
• Bremer, Francis J.; Webster, J Tom (2006). Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia. Abc-Clio. p. 105.
• Brodie, Alexander; Laing, David (1863). The diary of Alexander Brodie of Brodie, MDCLII-MDCLXXX. and of his son, James Brodie of Brodie, MDCLXXX-MDCLXXXV. consisting of extracts from the existing manuscripts, and a republication of the volume printed at Edinburgh in the year 1740. Aberdeen: Printed for the Spalding club.
• Campbell, William M. (1950). "George Gillespie". Scottish Church History Society: 107–123. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
• Chambers, Robert (1857). Thomson, Thomas (ed.). A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen. New ed., rev. under the care of the publishers. With a supplementary volume, continuing the biographies to the present time. Vol. 4. Glasgow: Blackie. pp. 445–447.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gillespie, George" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 22. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
• Douglas, J. D. (1964). Light in the north : the story of the Scottish Covenanters (PDF). W. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. pp. 38–60.
• Gillespie, George (1846). Hetherington, William Maxwell (ed.). The Works of Mr. George Gillespie (Vol. 1 of 2). Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Robert Ogle and Oliver Boyd.
• Gordon, Alexander (1890). "Gillespie, George". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 21. London: Smith, Elder & Co. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
• Grub, George (1861). An ecclesiastical history of Scotland : from the introduction of Christianity to the present time. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. pp. 92–186.
• Howie, John (1870). "George Gillespie". In Carslaw, W. H. (ed.). The Scots worthies. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson, & Ferrier. pp. 191–196. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
• Macleod, John (1943). Scottish Theology in Relation to Church History Since the Reformation. Edinburgh: The Publications committee of the Free Church of Scotland.
• Scott, Hew (1915). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 58–59. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
• Walker, James (1888). The theology and theologians of Scotland : chiefly of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. p. 14. Retrieved 22 April 2017.

External links

• Works by George Gillespie at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about George Gillespie at Internet Archive
• Works by George Gillespie at Post-Reformation Digital Library