Summary

References

Map based on:

• File:Mapamundi en blanco.png (blank map)
• w:en:Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
• Wood, E., Stover, D., Ehret, C. et al. Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes. Eur J Hum Genet 13, 867–876 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408
• Hassan, Hisham Y. et al. 2008 Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History archive copy at the Wayback Machine AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 137:316–323 (2008)
• Sarah A. Tishkoff, Mary Katherine Gonder, Brenna M. Henn, Holly Mortensen, Alec Knight, Christopher Gignoux, Neil Fernandopulle, Godfrey Lema, Thomas B. Nyambo, Uma Ramakrishnan, Floyd A. Reed, Joanna L. Mountain, History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 24, Issue 10, October 2007, Pages 2180–2195, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msm155
• Cesare de Filippo, Chiara Barbieri, Mark Whitten, Sununguko Wata Mpoloka, Ellen Drofn Gunnarsdóttir, Koen Bostoen, Terry Nyambe, Klaus Beyer, Henning Schreiber, Peter de Knijff, Donata Luiselli, Mark Stoneking, Brigitte Pakendorf, Y-Chromosomal Variation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights Into the History of Niger-Congo Groups, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 28, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 1255–1269, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq312
• Chiara Barbieri, Alexander Hübner, Enrico Macholdt, Shengyu Ni, Sebastian Lippold, et al.. Refining the Y chromosome phylogeny with southern African sequences. Human Genetics, Springer Verlag, 2016, 135 (5), pp.541 - 553. ff10.1007/s00439-016-1651-0ff. ffhal-01960474f

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