Yttrium orthovanadate

Yttrium orthovanadate
Names
	Other names Yttrium vanadate
Identifiers
CAS Number	13566-12-6 ;
ChemSpider	75408;
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.590
EC Number	234-340-8;
PubChem CID	165909;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID20929103 ;
Properties
Chemical formula	O4VY
Molar mass	203.843 g·mol−1
Melting point	1,810 °C (3,290 °F; 2,080 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Yttrium orthovanadate (YVO₄) is a transparent crystal. Undoped YVO₄ is also used to make efficient high-power polarizing prisms similar to Glan–Taylor prisms.^[1]

There are two principal applications for doped Yttrium orthovanadate:

Doped with neodymium it forms Nd:YVO₄, an active laser medium used in diode-pumped solid-state lasers.^[2]
Doped with europium it forms Eu:YVO₄, the dominant red phosphor used in cathode ray tubes especially in color TVs.^[3]

Basic properties[edit]

Crystal structure:^[4]
- Zircon tetragonal (tetragonal bipyramidal)
- Space group D_4h
- Lattice parameters a = b = 7.119 Å, c = 6.290 Å ^[5]
Density: 4.24 g/cm³ ^[5]
Melting point: 1810–1940 °C ^[5]
Mohs hardness: glass-like, ~5
Knoop hardness: 480 kg/mm² ^[6]
Thermal expansion coefficient:^[4]
- α_a = 4.43×10⁻⁶/K
- α_c = 11.37×10⁻⁶/K
Thermal conductivity coefficient:^[4]
- parallel to c-axis: 5.23 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹
- perpendicular to c-axis: 5.10 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹
Refractive indices, birefringence ( Δn = n_e - n_o) and walk-off angle at 45° (ρ):
- at 0.63 μm:
  - n_e = 2.2154
  - n_o = 1.9929
  - Δn = 0.2225
  - ρ = 6.04
- at 1.30 μm:
  - n_e = 2.1554
  - n_o = 1.9500
  - Δn = 0.2054
  - ρ= 5.72
- at 1.55 μm:
  - n_e = 2.1486
  - n_o = 1.9447
  - Δn = 0.2039
  - ρ = 5.69
- Sellmeier equation (λ in μm):^{[further explanation needed]}
  - n_e²=4.59905 + 0.110534/(λ² − 0.04813) − 0.012267612 λ²
  - n_o²=3.77834 + 0.069736/(λ² − 0.04724) − 0.0108133 λ²

References[edit]

^ US patent 3914018, Deshazer, Larry G., "Yttrium orthovanadate optical polarizer", issued 1975-10-21, assigned to Union Carbide Corp.
^ Koechner, Walter (2006). "Nd:YVO₄". Solid-state laser engineering. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-387-29094-2.
^ Caro, Paul (1998-06-01). "Rare earths in luminescence". Rare earths. Editorial Complutense. pp. 323–325. ISBN 978-84-89784-33-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Yttrium Vanadate (YVO4) Crystal". Casix. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
^ ^a ^b ^c DeShazer, L.G.; Rand, S.C.; Wechsler, B.A. (1987). Weber, Marvin J. (ed.). Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol. V: Optical materials part 3. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 283. ISBN 0-8493-3505-1.
^ DeShazer, L.G.; Rand, S.C.; Wechsler, B.A. (1987). Weber, Marvin J. (ed.). Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol. V: Optical materials part 3. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 329. ISBN 0-8493-3505-1.

[1] US patent 3914018, Deshazer, Larry G., "Yttrium orthovanadate optical polarizer", issued 1975-10-21, assigned to Union Carbide Corp.

[2] Koechner, Walter (2006). "Nd:YVO₄". Solid-state laser engineering. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-387-29094-2.

[3] Caro, Paul (1998-06-01). "Rare earths in luminescence". Rare earths. Editorial Complutense. pp. 323–325. ISBN 978-84-89784-33-8.

[Casix-4] "Yttrium Vanadate (YVO4) Crystal". Casix. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-12.

[HoLSv283-5] DeShazer, L.G.; Rand, S.C.; Wechsler, B.A. (1987). Weber, Marvin J. (ed.). Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol. V: Optical materials part 3. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 283. ISBN 0-8493-3505-1.

[HoLSv329-6] DeShazer, L.G.; Rand, S.C.; Wechsler, B.A. (1987). Weber, Marvin J. (ed.). Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol. V: Optical materials part 3. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 329. ISBN 0-8493-3505-1.

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v t e Solid-state lasers
Distinct subtypes	Semiconductor laser
Yttrium aluminium garnet	Nd:YAG laser Er:YAG laser Nd:Cr:YAG Yb:YAG Nd:Ce:YAG Ho:YAG Dy:YAG Sm:YAG Tb:YAG Ce:YAG Ce:Gd:YAG Gd:YAG
Glass	Nd:glass Er:glass Er:Yb:glass Yb:glass
Other gain media	Ruby laser Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) Terbium gallium garnet (TGG) Ti:sapphire laser Solid-state dye laser (SSDL/SSOL/SSDPL) Yttrium lithium fluoride (YLF) Neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Nd:YLF) Yttrium orthovanadate (YVO₄) Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd:YVO₄) Yttrium calcium oxoborate (YCOB) Nd:YCOB laser Ce:LiSAF Ce:LiCAF Cr:ZnSe U:CaF₂ Sm:CaF₂ Yb:SFAP
Structures	Diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) Fiber laser Figure-8 laser Disk laser F-center laser
Specific lasers	Trident laser ZEUS-HLONS (HMMWV Laser Ordnance Neutralization System) Nova (laser) Cyclops laser Janus laser Argus laser Shiva laser HiPER Laboratory for Laser Energetics Laser Mégajoule LULI2000 Mercury laser ISKRA-6 Vulcan laser

Basic properties[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]