Basus War
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| Basus War | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Belligerents | ||||||||
| Banu Taghlib (supported by Banu Asad) | Banu Bakr and all its subdivisions, including the Banu Shayban | Himyarite Kingdom | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
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| Marthad'ilan Yu'nim | |||||||
| Units involved | ||||||||
| Tribal soldiers from Banu Taghlib | Tribal soldiers from Banu Bakr | At least 500 Himyarite warriors | ||||||
The Basus War (often written al-Basus War; Arabic: حرب البسوس ḥarb al-basūs) was a 40-year conflict between two cousin tribes in Arabia of Late Antiquity. It was caused by the slaughtering of a camel that was owned by the a neighboring tribe, and the subsequent killing of the Taghlibi chief that came after it.
This war is also remembered as a famous aphorism warning against familial discord and other family-related issues including grudges between relatives.
Background[edit]
An influential trivia chief and leader of the Banu Taghlib named Kulayb ibn Rabi'ah had shot a prized she-camel with his arrow. This camel belonged to a woman named Basus, who was related to the chief of the Banu Shayban, a subdivision of Banu Bakr. Basus wrote and recited a poem which incited the chief of Banu Shayban, Jassas ibn Murrah, against Kulayb ibn Rabi'ah; this resulted in the former stabbing the latter to death.[1][2][3] Kulayb's murder angered the Banu Taghlib, and they attacked and provoked Banu Shayban hence bringing all the subdivisions of Banu Bakr against themselves.[2][3]
Course of conflict[edit]
On a day known as Yawm al-Hazr, the Banu Taghlib carried out an assault against the Banu Shayban. They were victorious, and majority of the casualties were from the Banu Shayban. Then a few days later, the Banu Taghlib confronted the Arab tribe of Zubaid. No casualties were reported, and later on the Banu Taghlib continued their attacks on Banu Shayban, killing one of the important Banu Shayban members. Gradually, the whole group of Banu Bakr (including all subdivisions) participated in the war against Banu Taghlib. One of the first victories against Banu Taghlib was on a day known as Yawm 'ala Istirad, where a criminal from that tribe was killed.[3][4]
At least some years later, some of the subdivisions of Banu Bakr pulled out from fighting. This angered the Bakrite chief Uday ibn Murrah, who attacked all those Bakrites who refused to fight in the war. Internal dissent occured amongst the Banu Bakr, but it was eventually resolved.[3][4]
Himyarite involvement[edit]
At some point in the late 5th century, the Banu Asad had a feud with Banu Bakr and the former ended up supporting the Banu Taghlib. Some large-scale riots occured in Yemen, which was ruled by the Himyarite Kingdom at the time. The Himyarite ruler Marthad'ilan Yu'nim dispatched at least five hundred soldiers to restore order.[5]
Aftermath and end of conflict[edit]
After the Banu Taghlib had suffered several defeats, their leading commander, Abu Layla al-Muhalhel fled but was captured by a Madh'hiji tribe in Yemen and forced to marry a woman from that tribe. The Banu Taghlib tribe eventually dispersed into the lands of Iraq, where they stayed there for the rest of their lives. The fighting soon died down, and by the 530s, the war had already ended.[3][4][6]
Arabic sources state that the Banu Taghlib were the victors of this war despite the conflict itself being an indecisive victory.[7]
In popular culture[edit]
The Basus War is referenced as an aphorism against having grudges, family feud, vendettas and violent rivalries.[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "This is where the Basous war erupted: "Hima Dhariya" still recalls the sad history of the Arabs, represented by the Basous war that sparked over the killing of a camel". Alarabiya News English. 26 November 2016.
- ^ a b Abu Mansur al-Thalabi (2018). Thimar al-Qulub fi al-Madaf wa al-Mansub. Dar al-Ma'arif.
- ^ a b c d e Ibn Abd Rabbih (1937). Kitāb al-ʿIqd al-Farīd [The Unique Necklace]. Morocco: Maktaba At-Ta'lif At-Taryama Wa'l Nasar.
- ^ a b c Abd al-Qadir al-Baghdadi (1997). Khizānat al-adab wa-lubb lubāb lisān al-ʻArab. Iraq: Al Khanji Library. p. 163.
- ^ Abu Abdullah al-Zanjani. Kitab Sharh al-Tafasir al-Sabi'a. Shamela. p. 26.
- ^ Ibn al-Sayyid al-Batalyusi (2003). al-Hulal fi Sharah 'Abyat al-Jumal. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah. ISBN 2745140000.
- ^ Ahmed Jad Al Mawla (1946). Days Of The Arabs In Pre-Islamic Times (2nd ed.). Egypt: Dar Ihya' al-Kutub al-Arabi.
- ^ Jawad `Ali (1955). Tarikh al-`Arab qabl al-Islam (in Arabic). Majma` al-Ilmi al-Iraqi.